[10723] | 1 | =head1 NAME |
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| 2 | |
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| 3 | Install - Build and Installation guide for perl5. |
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| 4 | |
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| 5 | =head1 SYNOPSIS |
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| 6 | |
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[14544] | 7 | First, make sure you are installing an up-to-date version of Perl. If |
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| 8 | you didn't get your Perl source from CPAN, check the latest version at |
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| 9 | <URL:http://www.perl.com/CPAN/src/>. |
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[10723] | 10 | |
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[14544] | 11 | The basic steps to build and install perl5 on a Unix system |
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| 12 | with all the defaults are: |
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| 13 | |
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| 14 | rm -f config.sh Policy.sh |
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| 15 | sh Configure -de |
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[10723] | 16 | make |
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| 17 | make test |
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| 18 | make install |
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| 19 | |
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| 20 | # You may also wish to add these: |
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| 21 | (cd /usr/include && h2ph *.h sys/*.h) |
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| 22 | (installhtml --help) |
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| 23 | (cd pod && make tex && <process the latex files>) |
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| 24 | |
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| 25 | Each of these is explained in further detail below. |
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| 26 | |
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[14544] | 27 | The above commands will install Perl to /usr/local or /opt, depending |
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| 28 | on the platform. If that's not okay with you, use |
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| 29 | |
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| 30 | rm -f config.sh Policy.sh |
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| 31 | sh Configure |
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| 32 | make |
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| 33 | make test |
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| 34 | make install |
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| 35 | |
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[10723] | 36 | For information on non-Unix systems, see the section on |
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| 37 | L<"Porting information"> below. |
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| 38 | |
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[14544] | 39 | If you have problems, corrections, or questions, please see |
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| 40 | L<"Reporting Problems"> below. |
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| 41 | |
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[10723] | 42 | For information on what's new in this release, see the |
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| 43 | pod/perldelta.pod file. For more detailed information about specific |
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| 44 | changes, see the Changes file. |
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| 45 | |
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| 46 | =head1 DESCRIPTION |
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| 47 | |
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| 48 | This document is written in pod format as an easy way to indicate its |
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| 49 | structure. The pod format is described in pod/perlpod.pod, but you can |
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| 50 | read it as is with any pager or editor. Headings and items are marked |
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| 51 | by lines beginning with '='. The other mark-up used is |
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| 52 | |
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| 53 | B<text> embolden text, used for switches, programs or commands |
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| 54 | C<code> literal code |
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| 55 | L<name> A link (cross reference) to name |
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| 56 | |
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[14544] | 57 | Although most of the defaults are probably fine for most users, |
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| 58 | you should probably at least skim through this entire document before |
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[10723] | 59 | proceeding. |
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| 60 | |
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| 61 | If you're building Perl on a non-Unix system, you should also read |
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| 62 | the README file specific to your operating system, since this may |
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| 63 | provide additional or different instructions for building Perl. |
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| 64 | |
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| 65 | If there is a hint file for your system (in the hints/ directory) you |
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| 66 | should also read that hint file for specific information for your |
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[14544] | 67 | system. (Unixware users should use the svr4.sh hint file.) If |
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| 68 | there is a README file for your platform, then you should read |
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| 69 | that too. Additional information is in the Porting/ directory. |
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[10723] | 70 | |
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[14544] | 71 | =head1 WARNING: This version requires an extra step to build old extensions. |
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| 72 | |
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| 73 | 5.005_53 and later releases do not export unadorned |
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| 74 | global symbols anymore. This means you may need to build older |
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| 75 | extensions that have not been updated for the new naming convention |
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| 76 | with: |
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| 77 | |
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| 78 | perl Makefile.PL POLLUTE=1 |
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| 79 | |
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| 80 | Alternatively, you can enable CPP symbol pollution wholesale by |
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| 81 | building perl itself with: |
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| 82 | |
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| 83 | sh Configure -Accflags=-DPERL_POLLUTE |
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| 84 | |
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| 85 | pod/perldelta.pod contains more details about this. |
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| 86 | |
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| 87 | =head1 WARNING: This version may not be binary compatible with Perl 5.005. |
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| 88 | |
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| 89 | Using the default Configure options for building perl should get you |
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| 90 | a perl that will be binary compatible with the 5.005 release. |
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| 91 | |
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| 92 | However, if you run Configure with any custom options, such as |
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| 93 | -Dusethreads, -Dusemultiplicity, -Dusemymalloc, -Ubincompat5005 etc., |
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| 94 | the resulting perl will not be binary compatible. Under these |
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| 95 | circumstances, if you have dynamically loaded extensions that were |
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| 96 | built under perl 5.005, you will need to rebuild and reinstall all |
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| 97 | those extensions to use them with 5.6. |
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| 98 | |
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| 99 | Pure perl modules without XS or C code should continue to work fine |
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| 100 | without reinstallation. See the discussions below on |
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| 101 | L<"Coexistence with earlier versions of perl5"> and |
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| 102 | L<"Upgrading from 5.005 to 5.6"> for more details. |
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| 103 | |
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| 104 | The standard extensions supplied with Perl will be handled automatically. |
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| 105 | |
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| 106 | On a related issue, old modules may possibly be affected by the |
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| 107 | changes in the Perl language in the current release. Please see |
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| 108 | pod/perldelta.pod (and pod/perl500Xdelta.pod) for a description of |
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| 109 | what's changed. See your installed copy of the perllocal.pod |
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| 110 | file for a (possibly incomplete) list of locally installed modules. |
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| 111 | Also see CPAN::autobundle for one way to make a "bundle" of your |
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| 112 | currently installed modules. |
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| 113 | |
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| 114 | =head1 WARNING: This version requires a compiler that supports ANSI C. |
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| 115 | |
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| 116 | If you find that your C compiler is not ANSI-capable, try obtaining |
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| 117 | GCC, available from GNU mirrors worldwide (e.g. ftp://ftp.gnu.org/pub/gnu). |
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| 118 | Another alternative may be to use a tool like ansi2knr to convert the |
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| 119 | sources back to K&R style, but there is no guarantee this route will get |
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| 120 | you anywhere, since the prototypes are not the only ANSI features used |
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| 121 | in the Perl sources. ansi2knr is usually found as part of the freely |
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| 122 | available Ghostscript distribution. Another similar tool is |
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| 123 | unprotoize, distributed with GCC. Since unprotoize requires GCC to |
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| 124 | run, you may have to run it on a platform where GCC is available, and move |
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| 125 | the sources back to the platform without GCC. |
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| 126 | |
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| 127 | If you succeed in automatically converting the sources to a K&R compatible |
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| 128 | form, be sure to email perlbug@perl.com to let us know the steps you |
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| 129 | followed. This will enable us to officially support this option. |
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| 130 | |
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| 131 | Although Perl can be compiled using a C++ compiler, the Configure script |
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| 132 | does not work with some C++ compilers. |
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| 133 | |
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[10723] | 134 | =head1 Space Requirements |
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| 135 | |
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[14544] | 136 | The complete perl5 source tree takes up about 20 MB of disk space. |
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| 137 | After completing make, it takes up roughly 30 MB, though the actual |
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| 138 | total is likely to be quite system-dependent. The installation |
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| 139 | directories need something on the order of 20 MB, though again that |
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[10723] | 140 | value is system-dependent. |
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| 141 | |
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| 142 | =head1 Start with a Fresh Distribution |
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| 143 | |
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| 144 | If you have built perl before, you should clean out the build directory |
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| 145 | with the command |
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| 146 | |
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[14544] | 147 | make distclean |
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| 148 | |
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| 149 | or |
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| 150 | |
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[10723] | 151 | make realclean |
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| 152 | |
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[14544] | 153 | The only difference between the two is that make distclean also removes |
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| 154 | your old config.sh and Policy.sh files. |
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[10723] | 155 | |
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[14544] | 156 | The results of a Configure run are stored in the config.sh and Policy.sh |
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| 157 | files. If you are upgrading from a previous version of perl, or if you |
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| 158 | change systems or compilers or make other significant changes, or if |
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| 159 | you are experiencing difficulties building perl, you should probably |
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| 160 | not re-use your old config.sh. Simply remove it |
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[10723] | 161 | |
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[14544] | 162 | rm -f config.sh |
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| 163 | |
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[10723] | 164 | If you wish to use your old config.sh, be especially attentive to the |
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| 165 | version and architecture-specific questions and answers. For example, |
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| 166 | the default directory for architecture-dependent library modules |
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| 167 | includes the version name. By default, Configure will reuse your old |
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| 168 | name (e.g. /opt/perl/lib/i86pc-solaris/5.003) even if you're running |
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| 169 | Configure for a different version, e.g. 5.004. Yes, Configure should |
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| 170 | probably check and correct for this, but it doesn't, presently. |
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| 171 | Similarly, if you used a shared libperl.so (see below) with version |
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| 172 | numbers, you will probably want to adjust them as well. |
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| 173 | |
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[14544] | 174 | Also, be careful to check your architecture name. For example, some |
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| 175 | Linux distributions use i386, while others may use i486. If you build |
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| 176 | it yourself, Configure uses the output of the arch command, which |
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| 177 | might be i586 or i686 instead. If you pick up a precompiled binary, or |
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| 178 | compile extensions on different systems, they might not all agree on |
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| 179 | the architecture name. |
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[10723] | 180 | |
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| 181 | In short, if you wish to use your old config.sh, I recommend running |
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| 182 | Configure interactively rather than blindly accepting the defaults. |
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| 183 | |
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[14544] | 184 | If your reason to reuse your old config.sh is to save your particular |
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| 185 | installation choices, then you can probably achieve the same effect by |
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| 186 | using the Policy.sh file. See the section on L<"Site-wide Policy |
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| 187 | settings"> below. If you wish to start with a fresh distribution, you |
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| 188 | also need to remove any old Policy.sh files you may have with |
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| 189 | |
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| 190 | rm -f Policy.sh |
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| 191 | |
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[10723] | 192 | =head1 Run Configure |
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| 193 | |
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| 194 | Configure will figure out various things about your system. Some |
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| 195 | things Configure will figure out for itself, other things it will ask |
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[14544] | 196 | you about. To accept the default, just press RETURN. The default is |
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| 197 | almost always okay. It is normal for some things to be "NOT found", |
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| 198 | since Configure often searches for many different ways of performing |
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| 199 | the same function. |
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[10723] | 200 | |
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[14544] | 201 | At any Configure prompt, you can type &-d and Configure will use the |
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| 202 | defaults from then on. |
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| 203 | |
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[10723] | 204 | After it runs, Configure will perform variable substitution on all the |
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| 205 | *.SH files and offer to run make depend. |
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| 206 | |
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[14544] | 207 | =head2 Altering config.sh variables for C compiler switches etc. |
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| 208 | |
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| 209 | For most users, all of the Configure defaults are fine. Configure |
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| 210 | also has several convenient options which are all described below. |
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| 211 | However, if Configure doesn't have an option to do what you want, |
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| 212 | you can change Configure variables after the platform hints have been |
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| 213 | run, by using Configure's -A switch. For example, here's how to add |
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| 214 | a couple of extra flags to C compiler invocations: |
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| 215 | |
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| 216 | sh Configure -Accflags="-DPERL_Y2KWARN -DPERL_POLLUTE_MALLOC" |
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| 217 | |
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| 218 | For more help on Configure switches, run: |
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| 219 | |
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| 220 | sh Configure -h |
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| 221 | |
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| 222 | =head2 Common Configure options |
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| 223 | |
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[10723] | 224 | Configure supports a number of useful options. Run B<Configure -h> to |
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| 225 | get a listing. See the Porting/Glossary file for a complete list of |
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| 226 | Configure variables you can set and their definitions. |
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| 227 | |
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[14544] | 228 | =over 4 |
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[10723] | 229 | |
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[14544] | 230 | =item gcc |
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| 231 | |
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| 232 | To compile with gcc you should run |
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| 233 | |
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[10723] | 234 | sh Configure -Dcc=gcc |
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| 235 | |
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| 236 | This is the preferred way to specify gcc (or another alternative |
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| 237 | compiler) so that the hints files can set appropriate defaults. |
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| 238 | |
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[14544] | 239 | =item Installation prefix |
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[10723] | 240 | |
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| 241 | By default, for most systems, perl will be installed in |
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[14544] | 242 | /usr/local/{bin, lib, man}. (See L<"Installation Directories"> |
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| 243 | and L<"Coexistence with earlier versions of perl5"> below for |
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| 244 | further details.) |
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[10723] | 245 | |
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[14544] | 246 | You can specify a different 'prefix' for the default installation |
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| 247 | directory, when Configure prompts you or by using the Configure command |
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| 248 | line option -Dprefix='/some/directory', e.g. |
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| 249 | |
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[10723] | 250 | sh Configure -Dprefix=/opt/perl |
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| 251 | |
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[14544] | 252 | If your prefix contains the string "perl", then the suggested |
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| 253 | directory structure is simplified. For example, if you use |
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| 254 | prefix=/opt/perl, then Configure will suggest /opt/perl/lib instead of |
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| 255 | /opt/perl/lib/perl5/. Again, see L<"Installation Directories"> below |
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| 256 | for more details. |
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[10723] | 257 | |
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[14544] | 258 | NOTE: You must not specify an installation directory that is the same |
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| 259 | as or below your perl source directory. If you do, installperl will |
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| 260 | attempt infinite recursion. |
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[10723] | 261 | |
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[14544] | 262 | =item /usr/bin/perl |
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[10723] | 263 | |
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[14544] | 264 | It may seem obvious, but Perl is useful only when users can easily |
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| 265 | find it. It's often a good idea to have both /usr/bin/perl and |
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| 266 | /usr/local/bin/perl be symlinks to the actual binary. Be especially |
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| 267 | careful, however, not to overwrite a version of perl supplied by your |
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| 268 | vendor unless you are sure you know what you are doing. |
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| 269 | |
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| 270 | By default, Configure will arrange for /usr/bin/perl to be linked to |
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| 271 | the current version of perl. You can turn off that behavior by running |
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| 272 | |
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| 273 | Configure -Uinstallusrbinperl |
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| 274 | |
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| 275 | or by answering 'no' to the appropriate Configure prompt. |
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| 276 | |
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| 277 | In any case, system administrators are strongly encouraged to |
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| 278 | put (symlinks to) perl and its accompanying utilities, such as perldoc, |
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| 279 | into a directory typically found along a user's PATH, or in another |
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| 280 | obvious and convenient place. |
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| 281 | |
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| 282 | =item Overriding an old config.sh |
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| 283 | |
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| 284 | If you want to use your old config.sh but override some of the items |
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| 285 | with command line options, you need to use B<Configure -O>. |
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| 286 | |
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| 287 | =back |
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| 288 | |
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[10723] | 289 | If you are willing to accept all the defaults, and you want terse |
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| 290 | output, you can run |
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| 291 | |
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| 292 | sh Configure -des |
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| 293 | |
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| 294 | For my Solaris system, I usually use |
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| 295 | |
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| 296 | sh Configure -Dprefix=/opt/perl -Doptimize='-xpentium -xO4' -des |
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| 297 | |
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| 298 | =head2 GNU-style configure |
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| 299 | |
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| 300 | If you prefer the GNU-style configure command line interface, you can |
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[14544] | 301 | use the supplied configure.gnu command, e.g. |
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[10723] | 302 | |
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[14544] | 303 | CC=gcc ./configure.gnu |
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[10723] | 304 | |
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[14544] | 305 | The configure.gnu script emulates a few of the more common configure |
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[10723] | 306 | options. Try |
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| 307 | |
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[14544] | 308 | ./configure.gnu --help |
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[10723] | 309 | |
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| 310 | for a listing. |
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| 311 | |
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[14544] | 312 | Cross compiling and compiling in a different directory are not supported. |
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[10723] | 313 | |
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[14544] | 314 | (The file is called configure.gnu to avoid problems on systems |
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| 315 | that would not distinguish the files "Configure" and "configure".) |
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[10723] | 316 | |
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[14544] | 317 | =head2 Installation Directories |
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[10723] | 318 | |
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[14544] | 319 | The installation directories can all be changed by answering the |
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| 320 | appropriate questions in Configure. For convenience, all the |
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| 321 | installation questions are near the beginning of Configure. |
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| 322 | Further, there are a number of additions to the installation |
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| 323 | directories since 5.005, so reusing your old config.sh may not |
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| 324 | be sufficient to put everything where you want it. |
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[10723] | 325 | |
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[14544] | 326 | I highly recommend running Configure interactively to be sure it puts |
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| 327 | everything where you want it. At any point during the Configure |
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| 328 | process, you can answer a question with &-d and Configure will use |
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| 329 | the defaults from then on. |
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[10723] | 330 | |
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[14544] | 331 | The defaults are intended to be reasonable and sensible for most |
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| 332 | people building from sources. Those who build and distribute binary |
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| 333 | distributions or who export perl to a range of systems will probably |
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| 334 | need to alter them. If you are content to just accept the defaults, |
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| 335 | you can safely skip the next section. |
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[10723] | 336 | |
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[14544] | 337 | The directories set up by Configure fall into three broad categories. |
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[10723] | 338 | |
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[14544] | 339 | =over 4 |
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[10723] | 340 | |
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[14544] | 341 | =item Directories for the perl distribution |
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[10723] | 342 | |
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[14544] | 343 | By default, Configure will use the following directories for 5.6.0. |
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| 344 | $version is the full perl version number, including subversion, e.g. |
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| 345 | 5.6.0 or 5.6.1, and $archname is a string like sun4-sunos, |
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| 346 | determined by Configure. The full definitions of all Configure |
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| 347 | variables are in the file Porting/Glossary. |
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[10723] | 348 | |
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[14544] | 349 | Configure variable Default value |
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| 350 | $prefix /usr/local |
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| 351 | $bin $prefix/bin |
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| 352 | $scriptdir $prefix/bin |
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| 353 | $privlib $prefix/lib/perl5/$version |
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| 354 | $archlib $prefix/lib/perl5/$version/$archname |
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| 355 | $man1dir $prefix/man/man1 |
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| 356 | $man3dir $prefix/man/man3 |
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| 357 | $html1dir (none) |
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| 358 | $html3dir (none) |
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[10723] | 359 | |
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[14544] | 360 | Actually, Configure recognizes the SVR3-style |
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| 361 | /usr/local/man/l_man/man1 directories, if present, and uses those |
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| 362 | instead. Also, if $prefix contains the string "perl", the library |
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| 363 | directories are simplified as described below. For simplicity, only |
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| 364 | the common style is shown here. |
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[10723] | 365 | |
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[14544] | 366 | =item Directories for site-specific add-on files |
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[10723] | 367 | |
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[14544] | 368 | After perl is installed, you may later wish to add modules (e.g. from |
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| 369 | CPAN) or scripts. Configure will set up the following directories to |
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| 370 | be used for installing those add-on modules and scripts. |
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[10723] | 371 | |
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[14544] | 372 | Configure variable Default value |
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| 373 | $siteprefix $prefix |
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| 374 | $sitebin $siteprefix/bin |
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| 375 | $sitescript $siteprefix/bin |
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| 376 | $sitelib $siteprefix/lib/perl5/site_perl/$version |
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| 377 | $sitearch $siteprefix/lib/perl5/site_perl/$version/$archname |
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| 378 | $siteman1 $siteprefix/man/man1 |
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| 379 | $siteman3 $siteprefix/man/man3 |
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| 380 | $sitehtml1 (none) |
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| 381 | $sitehtml3 (none) |
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[10723] | 382 | |
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[14544] | 383 | By default, ExtUtils::MakeMaker will install architecture-independent |
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| 384 | modules into $sitelib and architecture-dependent modules into $sitearch. |
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[10723] | 385 | |
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[14544] | 386 | NOTE: As of 5.6.0, ExtUtils::MakeMaker will use $sitelib and $sitearch, |
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| 387 | but will not use the other site-specific directories. Volunteers to |
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| 388 | fix this are needed. |
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[10723] | 389 | |
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[14544] | 390 | =item Directories for vendor-supplied add-on files |
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[10723] | 391 | |
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[14544] | 392 | Lastly, if you are building a binary distribution of perl for |
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| 393 | distribution, Configure can optionally set up the following directories |
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| 394 | for you to use to distribute add-on modules. |
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[10723] | 395 | |
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[14544] | 396 | Configure variable Default value |
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| 397 | $vendorprefix (none) |
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| 398 | (The next ones are set only if vendorprefix is set.) |
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| 399 | $vendorbin $vendorprefix/bin |
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| 400 | $vendorscript $vendorprefix/bin |
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| 401 | $vendorlib $vendorprefix/lib/perl5/vendor_perl/$version |
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| 402 | $vendorarch $vendorprefix/lib/perl5/vendor_perl/$version/$archname |
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| 403 | $vendorman1 $vendorprefix/man/man1 |
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| 404 | $vendorman3 $vendorprefix/man/man3 |
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| 405 | $vendorhtml1 (none) |
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| 406 | $vendorhtml3 (none) |
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[10723] | 407 | |
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[14544] | 408 | These are normally empty, but may be set as needed. For example, |
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| 409 | a vendor might choose the following settings: |
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[10723] | 410 | |
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[14544] | 411 | $prefix /usr/bin |
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| 412 | $siteprefix /usr/local/bin |
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| 413 | $vendorprefix /usr/bin |
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[10723] | 414 | |
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[14544] | 415 | This would have the effect of setting the following: |
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[10723] | 416 | |
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[14544] | 417 | $bin /usr/bin |
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| 418 | $scriptdir /usr/bin |
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| 419 | $privlib /usr/lib/perl5/$version |
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| 420 | $archlib /usr/lib/perl5/$version/$archname |
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| 421 | $man1dir /usr/man/man1 |
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| 422 | $man3dir /usr/man/man3 |
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[10723] | 423 | |
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[14544] | 424 | $sitebin /usr/local/bin |
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| 425 | $sitescript /usr/local/bin |
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| 426 | $sitelib /usr/local/lib/perl5/site_perl/$version |
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| 427 | $sitearch /usr/local/lib/perl5/site_perl/$version/$archname |
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| 428 | $siteman1 /usr/local/man/man1 |
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| 429 | $siteman3 /usr/local/man/man3 |
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[10723] | 430 | |
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[14544] | 431 | $vendorbin /usr/bin |
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| 432 | $vendorscript /usr/bin |
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| 433 | $vendorlib /usr/lib/perl5/vendor_perl/$version |
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| 434 | $vendorarch /usr/lib/perl5/vendor_perl/$version/$archname |
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| 435 | $vendorman1 /usr/man/man1 |
---|
| 436 | $vendorman3 /usr/man/man3 |
---|
[10723] | 437 | |
---|
[14544] | 438 | Note how in this example, the vendor-supplied directories are in the |
---|
| 439 | /usr hierarchy, while the directories reserved for the end-user are in |
---|
| 440 | the /usr/local hierarchy. |
---|
[10723] | 441 | |
---|
[14544] | 442 | NOTE: As of 5.6.0, ExtUtils::MakeMaker does not use these directories. |
---|
| 443 | Volunteers to fix this are needed. |
---|
[10723] | 444 | |
---|
[14544] | 445 | The entire installed library hierarchy is installed in locations with |
---|
| 446 | version numbers, keeping the installations of different versions distinct. |
---|
| 447 | However, later installations of Perl can still be configured to search the |
---|
| 448 | installed libraries corresponding to compatible earlier versions. |
---|
| 449 | See L<"Coexistence with earlier versions of perl5"> below for more details |
---|
| 450 | on how Perl can be made to search older version directories. |
---|
[10723] | 451 | |
---|
[14544] | 452 | Of course you may use these directories however you see fit. For |
---|
| 453 | example, you may wish to use $siteprefix for site-specific files that |
---|
| 454 | are stored locally on your own disk and use $vendorprefix for |
---|
| 455 | site-specific files that are stored elsewhere on your organization's |
---|
| 456 | network. One way to do that would be something like |
---|
[10723] | 457 | |
---|
[14544] | 458 | sh Configure -Dsiteprefix=/usr/local -Dvendorprefix=/usr/share/perl |
---|
[10723] | 459 | |
---|
[14544] | 460 | =item otherlibdirs |
---|
[10723] | 461 | |
---|
[14544] | 462 | As a final catch-all, Configure also offers an $otherlibdirs |
---|
| 463 | variable. This variable contains a colon-separated list of additional |
---|
| 464 | directories to add to @INC. By default, it will be set to |
---|
| 465 | $prefix/site_perl if Configure detects that you have 5.004-era modules |
---|
| 466 | installed there. However, you can set it to anything you like. |
---|
[10723] | 467 | |
---|
[14544] | 468 | =item Man Pages |
---|
[10723] | 469 | |
---|
[14544] | 470 | In versions 5.005_57 and earlier, the default was to store module man |
---|
| 471 | pages in a version-specific directory, such as |
---|
| 472 | /usr/local/lib/perl5/$version/man/man3. The default for 5.005_58 and |
---|
| 473 | after is /usr/local/man/man3 so that most users can find the man pages |
---|
| 474 | without resetting MANPATH. |
---|
[10723] | 475 | |
---|
[14544] | 476 | You can continue to use the old default from the command line with |
---|
[10723] | 477 | |
---|
[14544] | 478 | sh Configure -Dman3dir=/usr/local/lib/perl5/5.6.0/man/man3 |
---|
[10723] | 479 | |
---|
[14544] | 480 | Some users also prefer to use a .3pm suffix. You can do that with |
---|
[10723] | 481 | |
---|
[14544] | 482 | sh Configure -Dman3ext=3pm |
---|
[10723] | 483 | |
---|
[14544] | 484 | Again, these are just the defaults, and can be changed as you run |
---|
| 485 | Configure. |
---|
[10723] | 486 | |
---|
[14544] | 487 | =item HTML pages |
---|
[10723] | 488 | |
---|
[14544] | 489 | As of perl5.005_57, the standard perl installation does not do |
---|
| 490 | anything with HTML documentation, but that may change in the future. |
---|
| 491 | Further, some add-on modules may wish to install HTML documents. The |
---|
| 492 | html Configure variables listed above are provided if you wish to |
---|
| 493 | specify where such documents should be placed. The default is "none", |
---|
| 494 | but will likely eventually change to something useful based on user |
---|
| 495 | feedback. |
---|
[10723] | 496 | |
---|
[14544] | 497 | =back |
---|
[10723] | 498 | |
---|
[14544] | 499 | Some users prefer to append a "/share" to $privlib and $sitelib |
---|
| 500 | to emphasize that those directories can be shared among different |
---|
| 501 | architectures. |
---|
[10723] | 502 | |
---|
[14544] | 503 | Note that these are just the defaults. You can actually structure the |
---|
| 504 | directories any way you like. They don't even have to be on the same |
---|
| 505 | filesystem. |
---|
[10723] | 506 | |
---|
[14544] | 507 | Further details about the installation directories, maintenance and |
---|
| 508 | development subversions, and about supporting multiple versions are |
---|
| 509 | discussed in L<"Coexistence with earlier versions of perl5"> below. |
---|
[10723] | 510 | |
---|
| 511 | If you specify a prefix that contains the string "perl", then the |
---|
[14544] | 512 | library directory structure is slightly simplified. Instead of |
---|
| 513 | suggesting $prefix/lib/perl5/, Configure will suggest $prefix/lib. |
---|
[10723] | 514 | |
---|
[14544] | 515 | Thus, for example, if you Configure with |
---|
| 516 | -Dprefix=/opt/perl, then the default library directories for 5.6.0 are |
---|
[10723] | 517 | |
---|
[14544] | 518 | Configure variable Default value |
---|
| 519 | $privlib /opt/perl/lib/5.6.0 |
---|
| 520 | $archlib /opt/perl/lib/5.6.0/$archname |
---|
| 521 | $sitelib /opt/perl/lib/site_perl/5.6.0 |
---|
| 522 | $sitearch /opt/perl/lib/site_perl/5.6.0/$archname |
---|
[10723] | 523 | |
---|
| 524 | =head2 Changing the installation directory |
---|
| 525 | |
---|
| 526 | Configure distinguishes between the directory in which perl (and its |
---|
| 527 | associated files) should be installed and the directory in which it |
---|
| 528 | will eventually reside. For most sites, these two are the same; for |
---|
| 529 | sites that use AFS, this distinction is handled automatically. |
---|
| 530 | However, sites that use software such as depot to manage software |
---|
[14544] | 531 | packages, or users building binary packages for distribution may also |
---|
| 532 | wish to install perl into a different directory and use that |
---|
| 533 | management software to move perl to its final destination. This |
---|
| 534 | section describes how to do that. |
---|
[10723] | 535 | |
---|
| 536 | Suppose you want to install perl under the /tmp/perl5 directory. You |
---|
[14544] | 537 | could edit config.sh and change all the install* variables to point to |
---|
| 538 | /tmp/perl5 instead of /usr/local, or you could simply use the |
---|
| 539 | following command line: |
---|
[10723] | 540 | |
---|
[14544] | 541 | sh Configure -Dinstallprefix=/tmp/perl5 |
---|
[10723] | 542 | |
---|
[14544] | 543 | (replace /tmp/perl5 by a directory of your choice). |
---|
[10723] | 544 | |
---|
[14544] | 545 | Beware, though, that if you go to try to install new add-on |
---|
| 546 | modules, they too will get installed in under '/tmp/perl5' if you |
---|
| 547 | follow this example. The next section shows one way of dealing with |
---|
| 548 | that problem. |
---|
[10723] | 549 | |
---|
| 550 | =head2 Creating an installable tar archive |
---|
| 551 | |
---|
| 552 | If you need to install perl on many identical systems, it is |
---|
| 553 | convenient to compile it once and create an archive that can be |
---|
[14544] | 554 | installed on multiple systems. Suppose, for example, that you want to |
---|
| 555 | create an archive that can be installed in /opt/perl. |
---|
| 556 | Here's one way to do that: |
---|
[10723] | 557 | |
---|
[14544] | 558 | # Set up to install perl into a different directory, |
---|
[10723] | 559 | # e.g. /tmp/perl5 (see previous part). |
---|
[14544] | 560 | sh Configure -Dinstallprefix=/tmp/perl5 -Dprefix=/opt/perl -des |
---|
[10723] | 561 | make |
---|
| 562 | make test |
---|
[14544] | 563 | make install # This will install everything into /tmp/perl5. |
---|
[10723] | 564 | cd /tmp/perl5 |
---|
[14544] | 565 | # Edit $archlib/Config.pm and $archlib/.packlist to change all the |
---|
[10723] | 566 | # install* variables back to reflect where everything will |
---|
[14544] | 567 | # really be installed. (That is, change /tmp/perl5 to /opt/perl |
---|
| 568 | # everywhere in those files.) |
---|
| 569 | # Check the scripts in $scriptdir to make sure they have the correct |
---|
| 570 | # #!/wherever/perl line. |
---|
[10723] | 571 | tar cvf ../perl5-archive.tar . |
---|
| 572 | # Then, on each machine where you want to install perl, |
---|
[14544] | 573 | cd /opt/perl # Or wherever you specified as $prefix |
---|
[10723] | 574 | tar xvf perl5-archive.tar |
---|
| 575 | |
---|
[14544] | 576 | =head2 Site-wide Policy settings |
---|
| 577 | |
---|
| 578 | After Configure runs, it stores a number of common site-wide "policy" |
---|
| 579 | answers (such as installation directories and the local perl contact |
---|
| 580 | person) in the Policy.sh file. If you want to build perl on another |
---|
| 581 | system using the same policy defaults, simply copy the Policy.sh file |
---|
| 582 | to the new system and Configure will use it along with the appropriate |
---|
| 583 | hint file for your system. |
---|
| 584 | |
---|
| 585 | Alternatively, if you wish to change some or all of those policy |
---|
| 586 | answers, you should |
---|
| 587 | |
---|
| 588 | rm -f Policy.sh |
---|
| 589 | |
---|
| 590 | to ensure that Configure doesn't re-use them. |
---|
| 591 | |
---|
| 592 | Further information is in the Policy_sh.SH file itself. |
---|
| 593 | |
---|
| 594 | If the generated Policy.sh file is unsuitable, you may freely edit it |
---|
| 595 | to contain any valid shell commands. It will be run just after the |
---|
| 596 | platform-specific hints files. |
---|
| 597 | |
---|
| 598 | Note: Since the directory hierarchy for 5.6.0 contains a number of |
---|
| 599 | new vendor* and site* entries, your Policy.sh file will probably not |
---|
| 600 | set them to your desired values. I encourage you to run Configure |
---|
| 601 | interactively to be sure it puts things where you want them. |
---|
| 602 | |
---|
[10723] | 603 | =head2 Configure-time Options |
---|
| 604 | |
---|
| 605 | There are several different ways to Configure and build perl for your |
---|
| 606 | system. For most users, the defaults are sensible and will work. |
---|
| 607 | Some users, however, may wish to further customize perl. Here are |
---|
| 608 | some of the main things you can change. |
---|
| 609 | |
---|
[14544] | 610 | =head2 Threads |
---|
[10723] | 611 | |
---|
[14544] | 612 | On some platforms, perl5.005 and later can be compiled with |
---|
| 613 | experimental support for threads. To enable this, read the file |
---|
| 614 | README.threads, and then try: |
---|
[10723] | 615 | |
---|
[14544] | 616 | sh Configure -Dusethreads |
---|
[10723] | 617 | |
---|
[14544] | 618 | Currently, you need to specify -Dusethreads on the Configure command |
---|
| 619 | line so that the hint files can make appropriate adjustments. |
---|
[10723] | 620 | |
---|
[14544] | 621 | The default is to compile without thread support. |
---|
[10723] | 622 | |
---|
[14544] | 623 | As of v5.5.64, perl has two different internal threads implementations. |
---|
| 624 | The 5.005 version (5005threads) and an interpreter-based implementation |
---|
| 625 | (ithreads) with one interpreter per thread. By default, Configure selects |
---|
| 626 | ithreads if -Dusethreads is specified. However, you can select the old |
---|
| 627 | 5005threads behavior instead by either |
---|
[10723] | 628 | |
---|
[14544] | 629 | sh Configure -Dusethreads -Duse5005threads |
---|
[10723] | 630 | |
---|
[14544] | 631 | or by |
---|
| 632 | sh Configure -Dusethreads -Uuseithreads |
---|
[10723] | 633 | |
---|
[14544] | 634 | Eventually (by perl v5.6.0) this internal confusion ought to disappear, |
---|
| 635 | and these options may disappear as well. |
---|
| 636 | |
---|
[10723] | 637 | =head2 Selecting File IO mechanisms |
---|
| 638 | |
---|
| 639 | Previous versions of perl used the standard IO mechanisms as defined in |
---|
| 640 | stdio.h. Versions 5.003_02 and later of perl allow alternate IO |
---|
| 641 | mechanisms via a "PerlIO" abstraction, but the stdio mechanism is still |
---|
| 642 | the default and is the only supported mechanism. |
---|
| 643 | |
---|
| 644 | This PerlIO abstraction can be enabled either on the Configure command |
---|
| 645 | line with |
---|
| 646 | |
---|
| 647 | sh Configure -Duseperlio |
---|
| 648 | |
---|
| 649 | or interactively at the appropriate Configure prompt. |
---|
| 650 | |
---|
| 651 | If you choose to use the PerlIO abstraction layer, there are two |
---|
| 652 | (experimental) possibilities for the underlying IO calls. These have been |
---|
| 653 | tested to some extent on some platforms, but are not guaranteed to work |
---|
| 654 | everywhere. |
---|
| 655 | |
---|
| 656 | =over 4 |
---|
| 657 | |
---|
| 658 | =item 1. |
---|
| 659 | |
---|
| 660 | AT&T's "sfio". This has superior performance to stdio.h in many |
---|
| 661 | cases, and is extensible by the use of "discipline" modules. Sfio |
---|
| 662 | currently only builds on a subset of the UNIX platforms perl supports. |
---|
| 663 | Because the data structures are completely different from stdio, perl |
---|
| 664 | extension modules or external libraries may not work. This |
---|
| 665 | configuration exists to allow these issues to be worked on. |
---|
| 666 | |
---|
| 667 | This option requires the 'sfio' package to have been built and installed. |
---|
[14544] | 668 | A (fairly old) version of sfio is in CPAN. |
---|
[10723] | 669 | |
---|
| 670 | You select this option by |
---|
| 671 | |
---|
| 672 | sh Configure -Duseperlio -Dusesfio |
---|
| 673 | |
---|
| 674 | If you have already selected -Duseperlio, and if Configure detects |
---|
| 675 | that you have sfio, then sfio will be the default suggested by |
---|
| 676 | Configure. |
---|
| 677 | |
---|
[14544] | 678 | Note: On some systems, sfio's iffe configuration script fails to |
---|
| 679 | detect that you have an atexit function (or equivalent). Apparently, |
---|
| 680 | this is a problem at least for some versions of Linux and SunOS 4. |
---|
| 681 | Configure should detect this problem and warn you about problems with |
---|
| 682 | _exit vs. exit. If you have this problem, the fix is to go back to |
---|
| 683 | your sfio sources and correct iffe's guess about atexit. |
---|
[10723] | 684 | |
---|
| 685 | There also might be a more recent release of Sfio that fixes your |
---|
| 686 | problem. |
---|
| 687 | |
---|
| 688 | =item 2. |
---|
| 689 | |
---|
| 690 | Normal stdio IO, but with all IO going through calls to the PerlIO |
---|
| 691 | abstraction layer. This configuration can be used to check that perl and |
---|
| 692 | extension modules have been correctly converted to use the PerlIO |
---|
| 693 | abstraction. |
---|
| 694 | |
---|
| 695 | This configuration should work on all platforms (but might not). |
---|
| 696 | |
---|
| 697 | You select this option via: |
---|
| 698 | |
---|
| 699 | sh Configure -Duseperlio -Uusesfio |
---|
| 700 | |
---|
| 701 | If you have already selected -Duseperlio, and if Configure does not |
---|
| 702 | detect sfio, then this will be the default suggested by Configure. |
---|
| 703 | |
---|
| 704 | =back |
---|
| 705 | |
---|
[14544] | 706 | =head2 Dynamic Loading |
---|
| 707 | |
---|
| 708 | By default, Configure will compile perl to use dynamic loading if |
---|
| 709 | your system supports it. If you want to force perl to be compiled |
---|
| 710 | statically, you can either choose this when Configure prompts you or |
---|
| 711 | you can use the Configure command line option -Uusedl. |
---|
| 712 | |
---|
[10723] | 713 | =head2 Building a shared libperl.so Perl library |
---|
| 714 | |
---|
| 715 | Currently, for most systems, the main perl executable is built by |
---|
| 716 | linking the "perl library" libperl.a with perlmain.o, your static |
---|
| 717 | extensions (usually just DynaLoader.a) and various extra libraries, |
---|
| 718 | such as -lm. |
---|
| 719 | |
---|
| 720 | On some systems that support dynamic loading, it may be possible to |
---|
| 721 | replace libperl.a with a shared libperl.so. If you anticipate building |
---|
| 722 | several different perl binaries (e.g. by embedding libperl into |
---|
| 723 | different programs, or by using the optional compiler extension), then |
---|
| 724 | you might wish to build a shared libperl.so so that all your binaries |
---|
| 725 | can share the same library. |
---|
| 726 | |
---|
| 727 | The disadvantages are that there may be a significant performance |
---|
| 728 | penalty associated with the shared libperl.so, and that the overall |
---|
| 729 | mechanism is still rather fragile with respect to different versions |
---|
| 730 | and upgrades. |
---|
| 731 | |
---|
| 732 | In terms of performance, on my test system (Solaris 2.5_x86) the perl |
---|
| 733 | test suite took roughly 15% longer to run with the shared libperl.so. |
---|
| 734 | Your system and typical applications may well give quite different |
---|
| 735 | results. |
---|
| 736 | |
---|
| 737 | The default name for the shared library is typically something like |
---|
| 738 | libperl.so.3.2 (for Perl 5.003_02) or libperl.so.302 or simply |
---|
| 739 | libperl.so. Configure tries to guess a sensible naming convention |
---|
| 740 | based on your C library name. Since the library gets installed in a |
---|
| 741 | version-specific architecture-dependent directory, the exact name |
---|
| 742 | isn't very important anyway, as long as your linker is happy. |
---|
| 743 | |
---|
| 744 | For some systems (mostly SVR4), building a shared libperl is required |
---|
| 745 | for dynamic loading to work, and hence is already the default. |
---|
| 746 | |
---|
| 747 | You can elect to build a shared libperl by |
---|
| 748 | |
---|
| 749 | sh Configure -Duseshrplib |
---|
| 750 | |
---|
[14544] | 751 | To build a shared libperl, the environment variable controlling shared |
---|
| 752 | library search (LD_LIBRARY_PATH in most systems, DYLD_LIBRARY_PATH for |
---|
| 753 | NeXTSTEP/OPENSTEP/Darwin, LIBRARY_PATH for BeOS, SHLIB_PATH for |
---|
| 754 | HP-UX, LIBPATH for AIX, PATH for Cygwin) must be set up to include |
---|
| 755 | the Perl build directory because that's where the shared libperl will |
---|
| 756 | be created. Configure arranges makefile to have the correct shared |
---|
| 757 | library search settings. |
---|
[10723] | 758 | |
---|
[14544] | 759 | However, there are some special cases where manually setting the |
---|
| 760 | shared library path might be required. For example, if you want to run |
---|
| 761 | something like the following with the newly-built but not-yet-installed |
---|
| 762 | ./perl: |
---|
| 763 | |
---|
| 764 | cd t; ./perl misc/failing_test.t |
---|
| 765 | or |
---|
| 766 | ./perl -Ilib ~/my_mission_critical_test |
---|
| 767 | |
---|
| 768 | then you need to set up the shared library path explicitly. |
---|
| 769 | You can do this with |
---|
| 770 | |
---|
[10723] | 771 | LD_LIBRARY_PATH=`pwd`:$LD_LIBRARY_PATH; export LD_LIBRARY_PATH |
---|
| 772 | |
---|
| 773 | for Bourne-style shells, or |
---|
| 774 | |
---|
| 775 | setenv LD_LIBRARY_PATH `pwd` |
---|
| 776 | |
---|
[14544] | 777 | for Csh-style shells. (This procedure may also be needed if for some |
---|
| 778 | unexpected reason Configure fails to set up makefile correctly.) |
---|
[10723] | 779 | |
---|
[14544] | 780 | You can often recognize failures to build/use a shared libperl from error |
---|
| 781 | messages complaining about a missing libperl.so (or libperl.sl in HP-UX), |
---|
| 782 | for example: |
---|
| 783 | 18126:./miniperl: /sbin/loader: Fatal Error: cannot map libperl.so |
---|
| 784 | |
---|
[10723] | 785 | There is also an potential problem with the shared perl library if you |
---|
| 786 | want to have more than one "flavor" of the same version of perl (e.g. |
---|
| 787 | with and without -DDEBUGGING). For example, suppose you build and |
---|
| 788 | install a standard Perl 5.004 with a shared library. Then, suppose you |
---|
| 789 | try to build Perl 5.004 with -DDEBUGGING enabled, but everything else |
---|
| 790 | the same, including all the installation directories. How can you |
---|
| 791 | ensure that your newly built perl will link with your newly built |
---|
| 792 | libperl.so.4 rather with the installed libperl.so.4? The answer is |
---|
| 793 | that you might not be able to. The installation directory is encoded |
---|
| 794 | in the perl binary with the LD_RUN_PATH environment variable (or |
---|
| 795 | equivalent ld command-line option). On Solaris, you can override that |
---|
| 796 | with LD_LIBRARY_PATH; on Linux you can't. On Digital Unix, you can |
---|
| 797 | override LD_LIBRARY_PATH by setting the _RLD_ROOT environment variable |
---|
| 798 | to point to the perl build directory. |
---|
| 799 | |
---|
| 800 | The only reliable answer is that you should specify a different |
---|
| 801 | directory for the architecture-dependent library for your -DDEBUGGING |
---|
| 802 | version of perl. You can do this by changing all the *archlib* |
---|
[14544] | 803 | variables in config.sh to point to your new architecture-dependent library. |
---|
[10723] | 804 | |
---|
| 805 | =head2 Malloc Issues |
---|
| 806 | |
---|
[14544] | 807 | Perl relies heavily on malloc(3) to grow data structures as needed, |
---|
| 808 | so perl's performance can be noticeably affected by the performance of |
---|
| 809 | the malloc function on your system. The perl source is shipped with a |
---|
| 810 | version of malloc that has been optimized for the typical requests from |
---|
| 811 | perl, so there's a chance that it may be both faster and use less memory |
---|
| 812 | than your system malloc. |
---|
[10723] | 813 | |
---|
[14544] | 814 | However, if your system already has an excellent malloc, or if you are |
---|
| 815 | experiencing difficulties with extensions that use third-party libraries |
---|
| 816 | that call malloc, then you should probably use your system's malloc. |
---|
| 817 | (Or, you might wish to explore the malloc flags discussed below.) |
---|
[10723] | 818 | |
---|
[14544] | 819 | =over 4 |
---|
[10723] | 820 | |
---|
[14544] | 821 | =item Using the system malloc |
---|
| 822 | |
---|
[10723] | 823 | To build without perl's malloc, you can use the Configure command |
---|
| 824 | |
---|
| 825 | sh Configure -Uusemymalloc |
---|
| 826 | |
---|
| 827 | or you can answer 'n' at the appropriate interactive Configure prompt. |
---|
| 828 | |
---|
[14544] | 829 | =item -DPERL_POLLUTE_MALLOC |
---|
[10723] | 830 | |
---|
[14544] | 831 | NOTE: This flag is enabled automatically on some platforms if you |
---|
| 832 | asked for binary compatibility with version 5.005, or if you just |
---|
| 833 | run Configure to accept all the defaults on those platforms. You |
---|
| 834 | can refuse the automatic binary compatibility flags wholesale by |
---|
| 835 | running: |
---|
[10723] | 836 | |
---|
[14544] | 837 | sh Configure -Ubincompat5005 |
---|
[10723] | 838 | |
---|
[14544] | 839 | or by answering 'n' at the appropriate prompt. |
---|
[10723] | 840 | |
---|
[14544] | 841 | Perl's malloc family of functions are called Perl_malloc(), |
---|
| 842 | Perl_realloc(), Perl_calloc() and Perl_mfree(). When this flag is |
---|
| 843 | not enabled, the names do not clash with the system versions of |
---|
| 844 | these functions. |
---|
[10723] | 845 | |
---|
[14544] | 846 | If enabled, Perl's malloc family of functions will have the same |
---|
| 847 | names as the system versions. This may be sometimes required when you |
---|
| 848 | have libraries that like to free() data that may have been allocated |
---|
| 849 | by Perl_malloc() and vice versa. |
---|
[10723] | 850 | |
---|
[14544] | 851 | Note that enabling this option may sometimes lead to duplicate symbols |
---|
| 852 | from the linker for malloc et al. In such cases, the system probably |
---|
| 853 | does not allow its malloc functions to be fully replaced with custom |
---|
| 854 | versions. |
---|
[10723] | 855 | |
---|
| 856 | =back |
---|
| 857 | |
---|
| 858 | =head2 Building a debugging perl |
---|
| 859 | |
---|
| 860 | You can run perl scripts under the perl debugger at any time with |
---|
| 861 | B<perl -d your_script>. If, however, you want to debug perl itself, |
---|
| 862 | you probably want to do |
---|
| 863 | |
---|
| 864 | sh Configure -Doptimize='-g' |
---|
| 865 | |
---|
| 866 | This will do two independent things: First, it will force compilation |
---|
| 867 | to use cc -g so that you can use your system's debugger on the |
---|
| 868 | executable. (Note: Your system may actually require something like |
---|
[14544] | 869 | cc -g2. Check your man pages for cc(1) and also any hint file for |
---|
| 870 | your system.) Second, it will add -DDEBUGGING to your ccflags |
---|
| 871 | variable in config.sh so that you can use B<perl -D> to access perl's |
---|
| 872 | internal state. (Note: Configure will only add -DDEBUGGING by default |
---|
| 873 | if you are not reusing your old config.sh. If you want to reuse your |
---|
| 874 | old config.sh, then you can just edit it and change the optimize and |
---|
| 875 | ccflags variables by hand and then propagate your changes as shown in |
---|
| 876 | L<"Propagating your changes to config.sh"> below.) |
---|
[10723] | 877 | |
---|
| 878 | You can actually specify -g and -DDEBUGGING independently, but usually |
---|
| 879 | it's convenient to have both. |
---|
| 880 | |
---|
| 881 | If you are using a shared libperl, see the warnings about multiple |
---|
| 882 | versions of perl under L<Building a shared libperl.so Perl library>. |
---|
| 883 | |
---|
[14544] | 884 | =head2 Extensions |
---|
[10723] | 885 | |
---|
[14544] | 886 | By default, Configure will offer to build every extension which appears |
---|
| 887 | to be supported. For example, Configure will offer to build GDBM_File |
---|
| 888 | only if it is able to find the gdbm library. (See examples below.) |
---|
| 889 | B, DynaLoader, Fcntl, IO, and attrs are always built by default. |
---|
| 890 | Configure does not contain code to test for POSIX compliance, so POSIX |
---|
| 891 | is always built by default as well. If you wish to skip POSIX, you can |
---|
| 892 | set the Configure variable useposix=false either in a hint file or from |
---|
| 893 | the Configure command line. Similarly, the Opcode extension is always |
---|
| 894 | built by default, but you can skip it by setting the Configure variable |
---|
| 895 | useopcode=false either in a hint file for from the command line. |
---|
[10723] | 896 | |
---|
[14544] | 897 | If you unpack any additional extensions in the ext/ directory before |
---|
| 898 | running Configure, then Configure will offer to build those additional |
---|
| 899 | extensions as well. Most users probably shouldn't have to do this -- |
---|
| 900 | it is usually easier to build additional extensions later after perl |
---|
| 901 | has been installed. However, if you wish to have those additional |
---|
| 902 | extensions statically linked into the perl binary, then this offers a |
---|
| 903 | convenient way to do that in one step. (It is not necessary, however; |
---|
| 904 | you can build and install extensions just fine even if you don't have |
---|
| 905 | dynamic loading. See lib/ExtUtils/MakeMaker.pm for more details.) |
---|
[10723] | 906 | |
---|
[14544] | 907 | You can learn more about each of the supplied extensions by consulting the |
---|
| 908 | documentation in the individual .pm modules, located under the |
---|
| 909 | ext/ subdirectory. |
---|
[10723] | 910 | |
---|
[14544] | 911 | Even if you do not have dynamic loading, you must still build the |
---|
| 912 | DynaLoader extension; you should just build the stub dl_none.xs |
---|
| 913 | version. (Configure will suggest this as the default.) |
---|
[10723] | 914 | |
---|
[14544] | 915 | In summary, here are the Configure command-line variables you can set |
---|
| 916 | to turn off each extension: |
---|
[10723] | 917 | |
---|
[14544] | 918 | B (Always included by default) |
---|
| 919 | DB_File i_db |
---|
| 920 | DynaLoader (Must always be included as a static extension) |
---|
| 921 | Fcntl (Always included by default) |
---|
| 922 | GDBM_File i_gdbm |
---|
| 923 | IO (Always included by default) |
---|
| 924 | NDBM_File i_ndbm |
---|
| 925 | ODBM_File i_dbm |
---|
| 926 | POSIX useposix |
---|
| 927 | SDBM_File (Always included by default) |
---|
| 928 | Opcode useopcode |
---|
| 929 | Socket d_socket |
---|
| 930 | Threads use5005threads |
---|
| 931 | attrs (Always included by default) |
---|
| 932 | |
---|
| 933 | Thus to skip the NDBM_File extension, you can use |
---|
| 934 | |
---|
| 935 | sh Configure -Ui_ndbm |
---|
| 936 | |
---|
| 937 | Again, this is taken care of automatically if you don't have the ndbm |
---|
| 938 | library. |
---|
| 939 | |
---|
| 940 | Of course, you may always run Configure interactively and select only |
---|
| 941 | the extensions you want. |
---|
| 942 | |
---|
| 943 | Note: The DB_File module will only work with version 1.x of Berkeley |
---|
| 944 | DB or newer releases of version 2. Configure will automatically detect |
---|
| 945 | this for you and refuse to try to build DB_File with earlier |
---|
| 946 | releases of version 2. |
---|
| 947 | |
---|
| 948 | If you re-use your old config.sh but change your system (e.g. by |
---|
| 949 | adding libgdbm) Configure will still offer your old choices of extensions |
---|
| 950 | for the default answer, but it will also point out the discrepancy to |
---|
| 951 | you. |
---|
| 952 | |
---|
| 953 | Finally, if you have dynamic loading (most modern Unix systems do) |
---|
| 954 | remember that these extensions do not increase the size of your perl |
---|
| 955 | executable, nor do they impact start-up time, so you probably might as |
---|
| 956 | well build all the ones that will work on your system. |
---|
| 957 | |
---|
| 958 | =head2 Including locally-installed libraries |
---|
| 959 | |
---|
| 960 | Perl5 comes with interfaces to number of database extensions, including |
---|
| 961 | dbm, ndbm, gdbm, and Berkeley db. For each extension, if |
---|
| 962 | Configure can find the appropriate header files and libraries, it will |
---|
| 963 | automatically include that extension. The gdbm and db libraries |
---|
| 964 | are not included with perl. See the library documentation for |
---|
| 965 | how to obtain the libraries. |
---|
| 966 | |
---|
| 967 | If your database header (.h) files are not in a directory normally |
---|
| 968 | searched by your C compiler, then you will need to include the |
---|
| 969 | appropriate -I/your/directory option when prompted by Configure. If |
---|
| 970 | your database library (.a) files are not in a directory normally |
---|
| 971 | searched by your C compiler and linker, then you will need to include |
---|
| 972 | the appropriate -L/your/directory option when prompted by Configure. |
---|
| 973 | See the examples below. |
---|
| 974 | |
---|
| 975 | =head2 Examples |
---|
| 976 | |
---|
| 977 | =over 4 |
---|
| 978 | |
---|
| 979 | =item gdbm in /usr/local |
---|
| 980 | |
---|
| 981 | Suppose you have gdbm and want Configure to find it and build the |
---|
| 982 | GDBM_File extension. This example assumes you have gdbm.h |
---|
| 983 | installed in /usr/local/include/gdbm.h and libgdbm.a installed in |
---|
| 984 | /usr/local/lib/libgdbm.a. Configure should figure all the |
---|
| 985 | necessary steps out automatically. |
---|
| 986 | |
---|
| 987 | Specifically, when Configure prompts you for flags for |
---|
| 988 | your C compiler, you should include -I/usr/local/include. |
---|
| 989 | |
---|
| 990 | When Configure prompts you for linker flags, you should include |
---|
| 991 | -L/usr/local/lib. |
---|
| 992 | |
---|
| 993 | If you are using dynamic loading, then when Configure prompts you for |
---|
| 994 | linker flags for dynamic loading, you should again include |
---|
| 995 | -L/usr/local/lib. |
---|
| 996 | |
---|
| 997 | Again, this should all happen automatically. This should also work if |
---|
| 998 | you have gdbm installed in any of (/usr/local, /opt/local, /usr/gnu, |
---|
| 999 | /opt/gnu, /usr/GNU, or /opt/GNU). |
---|
| 1000 | |
---|
| 1001 | =item gdbm in /usr/you |
---|
| 1002 | |
---|
| 1003 | Suppose you have gdbm installed in some place other than /usr/local/, |
---|
| 1004 | but you still want Configure to find it. To be specific, assume you |
---|
| 1005 | have /usr/you/include/gdbm.h and /usr/you/lib/libgdbm.a. You |
---|
| 1006 | still have to add -I/usr/you/include to cc flags, but you have to take |
---|
| 1007 | an extra step to help Configure find libgdbm.a. Specifically, when |
---|
| 1008 | Configure prompts you for library directories, you have to add |
---|
| 1009 | /usr/you/lib to the list. |
---|
| 1010 | |
---|
| 1011 | It is possible to specify this from the command line too (all on one |
---|
| 1012 | line): |
---|
| 1013 | |
---|
| 1014 | sh Configure -de \ |
---|
| 1015 | -Dlocincpth="/usr/you/include" \ |
---|
| 1016 | -Dloclibpth="/usr/you/lib" |
---|
| 1017 | |
---|
| 1018 | locincpth is a space-separated list of include directories to search. |
---|
| 1019 | Configure will automatically add the appropriate -I directives. |
---|
| 1020 | |
---|
| 1021 | loclibpth is a space-separated list of library directories to search. |
---|
| 1022 | Configure will automatically add the appropriate -L directives. If |
---|
| 1023 | you have some libraries under /usr/local/ and others under |
---|
| 1024 | /usr/you, then you have to include both, namely |
---|
| 1025 | |
---|
| 1026 | sh Configure -de \ |
---|
| 1027 | -Dlocincpth="/usr/you/include /usr/local/include" \ |
---|
| 1028 | -Dloclibpth="/usr/you/lib /usr/local/lib" |
---|
| 1029 | |
---|
| 1030 | =back |
---|
| 1031 | |
---|
[10723] | 1032 | =head2 What if it doesn't work? |
---|
| 1033 | |
---|
[14544] | 1034 | If you run into problems, try some of the following ideas. |
---|
| 1035 | If none of them help, then see L<"Reporting Problems"> below. |
---|
| 1036 | |
---|
[10723] | 1037 | =over 4 |
---|
| 1038 | |
---|
| 1039 | =item Running Configure Interactively |
---|
| 1040 | |
---|
| 1041 | If Configure runs into trouble, remember that you can always run |
---|
| 1042 | Configure interactively so that you can check (and correct) its |
---|
| 1043 | guesses. |
---|
| 1044 | |
---|
| 1045 | All the installation questions have been moved to the top, so you don't |
---|
| 1046 | have to wait for them. Once you've handled them (and your C compiler and |
---|
| 1047 | flags) you can type &-d at the next Configure prompt and Configure |
---|
| 1048 | will use the defaults from then on. |
---|
| 1049 | |
---|
| 1050 | If you find yourself trying obscure command line incantations and |
---|
| 1051 | config.over tricks, I recommend you run Configure interactively |
---|
| 1052 | instead. You'll probably save yourself time in the long run. |
---|
| 1053 | |
---|
| 1054 | =item Hint files |
---|
| 1055 | |
---|
| 1056 | The perl distribution includes a number of system-specific hints files |
---|
| 1057 | in the hints/ directory. If one of them matches your system, Configure |
---|
| 1058 | will offer to use that hint file. |
---|
| 1059 | |
---|
| 1060 | Several of the hint files contain additional important information. |
---|
[14544] | 1061 | If you have any problems, it is a good idea to read the relevant hint file |
---|
| 1062 | for further information. See hints/solaris_2.sh for an extensive example. |
---|
| 1063 | More information about writing good hints is in the hints/README.hints |
---|
| 1064 | file. |
---|
[10723] | 1065 | |
---|
| 1066 | =item *** WHOA THERE!!! *** |
---|
| 1067 | |
---|
| 1068 | Occasionally, Configure makes a wrong guess. For example, on SunOS |
---|
| 1069 | 4.1.3, Configure incorrectly concludes that tzname[] is in the |
---|
| 1070 | standard C library. The hint file is set up to correct for this. You |
---|
| 1071 | will see a message: |
---|
| 1072 | |
---|
| 1073 | *** WHOA THERE!!! *** |
---|
| 1074 | The recommended value for $d_tzname on this machine was "undef"! |
---|
| 1075 | Keep the recommended value? [y] |
---|
| 1076 | |
---|
| 1077 | You should always keep the recommended value unless, after reading the |
---|
| 1078 | relevant section of the hint file, you are sure you want to try |
---|
| 1079 | overriding it. |
---|
| 1080 | |
---|
| 1081 | If you are re-using an old config.sh, the word "previous" will be |
---|
| 1082 | used instead of "recommended". Again, you will almost always want |
---|
| 1083 | to keep the previous value, unless you have changed something on your |
---|
| 1084 | system. |
---|
| 1085 | |
---|
| 1086 | For example, suppose you have added libgdbm.a to your system |
---|
| 1087 | and you decide to reconfigure perl to use GDBM_File. When you run |
---|
| 1088 | Configure again, you will need to add -lgdbm to the list of libraries. |
---|
[14544] | 1089 | Now, Configure will find your gdbm include file and library and will |
---|
| 1090 | issue a message: |
---|
[10723] | 1091 | |
---|
| 1092 | *** WHOA THERE!!! *** |
---|
| 1093 | The previous value for $i_gdbm on this machine was "undef"! |
---|
| 1094 | Keep the previous value? [y] |
---|
| 1095 | |
---|
| 1096 | In this case, you do not want to keep the previous value, so you |
---|
| 1097 | should answer 'n'. (You'll also have to manually add GDBM_File to |
---|
| 1098 | the list of dynamic extensions to build.) |
---|
| 1099 | |
---|
| 1100 | =item Changing Compilers |
---|
| 1101 | |
---|
| 1102 | If you change compilers or make other significant changes, you should |
---|
| 1103 | probably not re-use your old config.sh. Simply remove it or |
---|
| 1104 | rename it, e.g. mv config.sh config.sh.old. Then rerun Configure |
---|
| 1105 | with the options you want to use. |
---|
| 1106 | |
---|
| 1107 | This is a common source of problems. If you change from cc to |
---|
| 1108 | gcc, you should almost always remove your old config.sh. |
---|
| 1109 | |
---|
| 1110 | =item Propagating your changes to config.sh |
---|
| 1111 | |
---|
| 1112 | If you make any changes to config.sh, you should propagate |
---|
| 1113 | them to all the .SH files by running |
---|
| 1114 | |
---|
| 1115 | sh Configure -S |
---|
| 1116 | |
---|
| 1117 | You will then have to rebuild by running |
---|
| 1118 | |
---|
| 1119 | make depend |
---|
| 1120 | make |
---|
| 1121 | |
---|
| 1122 | =item config.over |
---|
| 1123 | |
---|
| 1124 | You can also supply a shell script config.over to over-ride Configure's |
---|
| 1125 | guesses. It will get loaded up at the very end, just before config.sh |
---|
| 1126 | is created. You have to be careful with this, however, as Configure |
---|
[14544] | 1127 | does no checking that your changes make sense. |
---|
[10723] | 1128 | |
---|
| 1129 | =item config.h |
---|
| 1130 | |
---|
| 1131 | Many of the system dependencies are contained in config.h. |
---|
| 1132 | Configure builds config.h by running the config_h.SH script. |
---|
| 1133 | The values for the variables are taken from config.sh. |
---|
| 1134 | |
---|
| 1135 | If there are any problems, you can edit config.h directly. Beware, |
---|
| 1136 | though, that the next time you run Configure, your changes will be |
---|
| 1137 | lost. |
---|
| 1138 | |
---|
| 1139 | =item cflags |
---|
| 1140 | |
---|
| 1141 | If you have any additional changes to make to the C compiler command |
---|
| 1142 | line, they can be made in cflags.SH. For instance, to turn off the |
---|
| 1143 | optimizer on toke.c, find the line in the switch structure for |
---|
| 1144 | toke.c and put the command optimize='-g' before the ;; . You |
---|
| 1145 | can also edit cflags directly, but beware that your changes will be |
---|
| 1146 | lost the next time you run Configure. |
---|
| 1147 | |
---|
[14544] | 1148 | To explore various ways of changing ccflags from within a hint file, |
---|
| 1149 | see the file hints/README.hints. |
---|
[10723] | 1150 | |
---|
[14544] | 1151 | To change the C flags for all the files, edit config.sh and change either |
---|
| 1152 | $ccflags or $optimize, and then re-run |
---|
| 1153 | |
---|
[10723] | 1154 | sh Configure -S |
---|
| 1155 | make depend |
---|
| 1156 | |
---|
| 1157 | =item No sh |
---|
| 1158 | |
---|
[14544] | 1159 | If you don't have sh, you'll have to copy the sample file |
---|
| 1160 | Porting/config.sh to config.sh and edit your config.sh to reflect your |
---|
| 1161 | system's peculiarities. See Porting/pumpkin.pod for more information. |
---|
[10723] | 1162 | You'll probably also have to extensively modify the extension building |
---|
| 1163 | mechanism. |
---|
| 1164 | |
---|
[14544] | 1165 | =item Environment variable clashes |
---|
| 1166 | |
---|
| 1167 | Configure uses a CONFIG variable that is reported to cause trouble on |
---|
| 1168 | ReliantUnix 5.44. If your system sets this variable, you can try |
---|
| 1169 | unsetting it before you run Configure. Configure should eventually |
---|
| 1170 | be fixed to avoid polluting the namespace of the environment. |
---|
| 1171 | |
---|
| 1172 | =item Digital UNIX/Tru64 UNIX and BIN_SH |
---|
| 1173 | |
---|
| 1174 | In Digital UNIX/Tru64 UNIX, Configure might abort with |
---|
| 1175 | |
---|
| 1176 | Build a threading Perl? [n] |
---|
| 1177 | Configure[2437]: Syntax error at line 1 : `config.sh' is not expected. |
---|
| 1178 | |
---|
| 1179 | This indicates that Configure is being run with a broken Korn shell |
---|
| 1180 | (even though you think you are using a Bourne shell by using |
---|
| 1181 | "sh Configure" or "./Configure"). The Korn shell bug has been reported |
---|
| 1182 | to Compaq as of February 1999 but in the meanwhile, the reason ksh is |
---|
| 1183 | being used is that you have the environment variable BIN_SH set to |
---|
| 1184 | 'xpg4'. This causes /bin/sh to delegate its duties to /bin/posix/sh |
---|
| 1185 | (a ksh). Unset the environment variable and rerun Configure. |
---|
| 1186 | |
---|
| 1187 | =item HP-UX 11, pthreads, and libgdbm |
---|
| 1188 | |
---|
| 1189 | If you are running Configure with -Dusethreads in HP-UX 11, be warned |
---|
| 1190 | that POSIX threads and libgdbm (the GNU dbm library) compiled before |
---|
| 1191 | HP-UX 11 do not mix. This will cause a basic test run by Configure to |
---|
| 1192 | fail |
---|
| 1193 | |
---|
| 1194 | Pthread internal error: message: __libc_reinit() failed, file: ../pthreads/pthread.c, line: 1096 |
---|
| 1195 | Return Pointer is 0xc082bf33 |
---|
| 1196 | sh: 5345 Quit(coredump) |
---|
| 1197 | |
---|
| 1198 | and Configure will give up. The cure is to recompile and install |
---|
| 1199 | libgdbm under HP-UX 11. |
---|
| 1200 | |
---|
[10723] | 1201 | =item Porting information |
---|
| 1202 | |
---|
| 1203 | Specific information for the OS/2, Plan9, VMS and Win32 ports is in the |
---|
| 1204 | corresponding README files and subdirectories. Additional information, |
---|
| 1205 | including a glossary of all those config.sh variables, is in the Porting |
---|
[14544] | 1206 | subdirectory. Especially Porting/Glossary should come in handy. |
---|
[10723] | 1207 | |
---|
| 1208 | Ports for other systems may also be available. You should check out |
---|
| 1209 | http://www.perl.com/CPAN/ports for current information on ports to |
---|
| 1210 | various other operating systems. |
---|
| 1211 | |
---|
[14544] | 1212 | If you plan to port Perl to a new architecture study carefully the |
---|
| 1213 | section titled "Philosophical Issues in Patching and Porting Perl" |
---|
| 1214 | in the file Porting/pumpkin.pod and the file Porting/patching.pod. |
---|
| 1215 | Study also how other non-UNIX ports have solved problems. |
---|
| 1216 | |
---|
[10723] | 1217 | =back |
---|
| 1218 | |
---|
| 1219 | =head1 make depend |
---|
| 1220 | |
---|
[14544] | 1221 | This will look for all the includes. The output is stored in makefile. |
---|
| 1222 | The only difference between Makefile and makefile is the dependencies at |
---|
| 1223 | the bottom of makefile. If you have to make any changes, you should edit |
---|
| 1224 | makefile, not Makefile since the Unix make command reads makefile first. |
---|
| 1225 | (On non-Unix systems, the output may be stored in a different file. |
---|
| 1226 | Check the value of $firstmakefile in your config.sh if in doubt.) |
---|
[10723] | 1227 | |
---|
| 1228 | Configure will offer to do this step for you, so it isn't listed |
---|
| 1229 | explicitly above. |
---|
| 1230 | |
---|
| 1231 | =head1 make |
---|
| 1232 | |
---|
| 1233 | This will attempt to make perl in the current directory. |
---|
| 1234 | |
---|
[14544] | 1235 | =head2 What if it doesn't work? |
---|
| 1236 | |
---|
[10723] | 1237 | If you can't compile successfully, try some of the following ideas. |
---|
| 1238 | If none of them help, and careful reading of the error message and |
---|
[14544] | 1239 | the relevant manual pages on your system doesn't help, |
---|
| 1240 | then see L<"Reporting Problems"> below. |
---|
[10723] | 1241 | |
---|
| 1242 | =over 4 |
---|
| 1243 | |
---|
| 1244 | =item hints |
---|
| 1245 | |
---|
| 1246 | If you used a hint file, try reading the comments in the hint file |
---|
| 1247 | for further tips and information. |
---|
| 1248 | |
---|
| 1249 | =item extensions |
---|
| 1250 | |
---|
| 1251 | If you can successfully build miniperl, but the process crashes |
---|
| 1252 | during the building of extensions, you should run |
---|
| 1253 | |
---|
[14544] | 1254 | make minitest |
---|
[10723] | 1255 | |
---|
| 1256 | to test your version of miniperl. |
---|
| 1257 | |
---|
| 1258 | =item locale |
---|
| 1259 | |
---|
[14544] | 1260 | If you have any locale-related environment variables set, try unsetting |
---|
| 1261 | them. I have some reports that some versions of IRIX hang while |
---|
| 1262 | running B<./miniperl configpm> with locales other than the C locale. |
---|
| 1263 | See the discussion under L<"make test"> below about locales and the |
---|
| 1264 | whole L<"Locale problems"> section in the file pod/perllocale.pod. |
---|
| 1265 | The latter is especially useful if you see something like this |
---|
[10723] | 1266 | |
---|
[14544] | 1267 | perl: warning: Setting locale failed. |
---|
| 1268 | perl: warning: Please check that your locale settings: |
---|
| 1269 | LC_ALL = "En_US", |
---|
| 1270 | LANG = (unset) |
---|
| 1271 | are supported and installed on your system. |
---|
| 1272 | perl: warning: Falling back to the standard locale ("C"). |
---|
[10723] | 1273 | |
---|
[14544] | 1274 | at Perl startup. |
---|
[10723] | 1275 | |
---|
| 1276 | =item varargs |
---|
| 1277 | |
---|
| 1278 | If you get varargs problems with gcc, be sure that gcc is installed |
---|
[14544] | 1279 | correctly and that you are not passing -I/usr/include to gcc. When using |
---|
| 1280 | gcc, you should probably have i_stdarg='define' and i_varargs='undef' |
---|
| 1281 | in config.sh. The problem is usually solved by running fixincludes |
---|
| 1282 | correctly. If you do change config.sh, don't forget to propagate |
---|
| 1283 | your changes (see L<"Propagating your changes to config.sh"> below). |
---|
[10723] | 1284 | See also the L<"vsprintf"> item below. |
---|
| 1285 | |
---|
[14544] | 1286 | =item util.c |
---|
[10723] | 1287 | |
---|
| 1288 | If you get error messages such as the following (the exact line |
---|
[14544] | 1289 | numbers and function name may vary in different versions of perl): |
---|
[10723] | 1290 | |
---|
[14544] | 1291 | util.c: In function `Perl_form': |
---|
| 1292 | util.c:1107: number of arguments doesn't match prototype |
---|
| 1293 | proto.h:125: prototype declaration |
---|
[10723] | 1294 | |
---|
| 1295 | it might well be a symptom of the gcc "varargs problem". See the |
---|
| 1296 | previous L<"varargs"> item. |
---|
| 1297 | |
---|
| 1298 | =item Solaris and SunOS dynamic loading |
---|
| 1299 | |
---|
| 1300 | If you have problems with dynamic loading using gcc on SunOS or |
---|
| 1301 | Solaris, and you are using GNU as and GNU ld, you may need to add |
---|
| 1302 | -B/bin/ (for SunOS) or -B/usr/ccs/bin/ (for Solaris) to your |
---|
| 1303 | $ccflags, $ldflags, and $lddlflags so that the system's versions of as |
---|
| 1304 | and ld are used. Note that the trailing '/' is required. |
---|
| 1305 | Alternatively, you can use the GCC_EXEC_PREFIX |
---|
| 1306 | environment variable to ensure that Sun's as and ld are used. Consult |
---|
| 1307 | your gcc documentation for further information on the -B option and |
---|
| 1308 | the GCC_EXEC_PREFIX variable. |
---|
| 1309 | |
---|
| 1310 | One convenient way to ensure you are not using GNU as and ld is to |
---|
| 1311 | invoke Configure with |
---|
| 1312 | |
---|
| 1313 | sh Configure -Dcc='gcc -B/usr/ccs/bin/' |
---|
| 1314 | |
---|
| 1315 | for Solaris systems. For a SunOS system, you must use -B/bin/ |
---|
| 1316 | instead. |
---|
| 1317 | |
---|
| 1318 | Alternatively, recent versions of GNU ld reportedly work if you |
---|
| 1319 | include C<-Wl,-export-dynamic> in the ccdlflags variable in |
---|
| 1320 | config.sh. |
---|
| 1321 | |
---|
| 1322 | =item ld.so.1: ./perl: fatal: relocation error: |
---|
| 1323 | |
---|
| 1324 | If you get this message on SunOS or Solaris, and you're using gcc, |
---|
| 1325 | it's probably the GNU as or GNU ld problem in the previous item |
---|
| 1326 | L<"Solaris and SunOS dynamic loading">. |
---|
| 1327 | |
---|
| 1328 | =item LD_LIBRARY_PATH |
---|
| 1329 | |
---|
| 1330 | If you run into dynamic loading problems, check your setting of |
---|
| 1331 | the LD_LIBRARY_PATH environment variable. If you're creating a static |
---|
| 1332 | Perl library (libperl.a rather than libperl.so) it should build |
---|
| 1333 | fine with LD_LIBRARY_PATH unset, though that may depend on details |
---|
| 1334 | of your local set-up. |
---|
| 1335 | |
---|
| 1336 | =item dlopen: stub interception failed |
---|
| 1337 | |
---|
| 1338 | The primary cause of the 'dlopen: stub interception failed' message is |
---|
| 1339 | that the LD_LIBRARY_PATH environment variable includes a directory |
---|
| 1340 | which is a symlink to /usr/lib (such as /lib). |
---|
| 1341 | |
---|
| 1342 | The reason this causes a problem is quite subtle. The file libdl.so.1.0 |
---|
| 1343 | actually *only* contains functions which generate 'stub interception |
---|
| 1344 | failed' errors! The runtime linker intercepts links to |
---|
| 1345 | "/usr/lib/libdl.so.1.0" and links in internal implementation of those |
---|
| 1346 | functions instead. [Thanks to Tim Bunce for this explanation.] |
---|
| 1347 | |
---|
| 1348 | =item nm extraction |
---|
| 1349 | |
---|
| 1350 | If Configure seems to be having trouble finding library functions, |
---|
| 1351 | try not using nm extraction. You can do this from the command line |
---|
| 1352 | with |
---|
| 1353 | |
---|
| 1354 | sh Configure -Uusenm |
---|
| 1355 | |
---|
| 1356 | or by answering the nm extraction question interactively. |
---|
| 1357 | If you have previously run Configure, you should not reuse your old |
---|
| 1358 | config.sh. |
---|
| 1359 | |
---|
[14544] | 1360 | =item umask not found |
---|
| 1361 | |
---|
| 1362 | If the build processes encounters errors relating to umask(), the problem |
---|
| 1363 | is probably that Configure couldn't find your umask() system call. |
---|
| 1364 | Check your config.sh. You should have d_umask='define'. If you don't, |
---|
| 1365 | this is probably the L<"nm extraction"> problem discussed above. Also, |
---|
| 1366 | try reading the hints file for your system for further information. |
---|
| 1367 | |
---|
[10723] | 1368 | =item vsprintf |
---|
| 1369 | |
---|
| 1370 | If you run into problems with vsprintf in compiling util.c, the |
---|
| 1371 | problem is probably that Configure failed to detect your system's |
---|
| 1372 | version of vsprintf(). Check whether your system has vprintf(). |
---|
| 1373 | (Virtually all modern Unix systems do.) Then, check the variable |
---|
| 1374 | d_vprintf in config.sh. If your system has vprintf, it should be: |
---|
| 1375 | |
---|
| 1376 | d_vprintf='define' |
---|
| 1377 | |
---|
| 1378 | If Configure guessed wrong, it is likely that Configure guessed wrong |
---|
[14544] | 1379 | on a number of other common functions too. This is probably |
---|
| 1380 | the L<"nm extraction"> problem discussed above. |
---|
[10723] | 1381 | |
---|
| 1382 | =item do_aspawn |
---|
| 1383 | |
---|
| 1384 | If you run into problems relating to do_aspawn or do_spawn, the |
---|
| 1385 | problem is probably that Configure failed to detect your system's |
---|
[14544] | 1386 | fork() function. Follow the procedure in the previous item |
---|
| 1387 | on L<"nm extraction">. |
---|
[10723] | 1388 | |
---|
| 1389 | =item __inet_* errors |
---|
| 1390 | |
---|
| 1391 | If you receive unresolved symbol errors during Perl build and/or test |
---|
| 1392 | referring to __inet_* symbols, check to see whether BIND 8.1 is |
---|
| 1393 | installed. It installs a /usr/local/include/arpa/inet.h that refers to |
---|
| 1394 | these symbols. Versions of BIND later than 8.1 do not install inet.h |
---|
| 1395 | in that location and avoid the errors. You should probably update to a |
---|
| 1396 | newer version of BIND. If you can't, you can either link with the |
---|
| 1397 | updated resolver library provided with BIND 8.1 or rename |
---|
| 1398 | /usr/local/bin/arpa/inet.h during the Perl build and test process to |
---|
| 1399 | avoid the problem. |
---|
| 1400 | |
---|
[14544] | 1401 | =item #error "No DATAMODEL_NATIVE specified" |
---|
| 1402 | |
---|
| 1403 | This is a common error when trying to build perl on Solaris 2.6 with a |
---|
| 1404 | gcc installation from Solaris 2.5 or 2.5.1. The Solaris header files |
---|
| 1405 | changed, so you need to update your gcc installation. You can either |
---|
| 1406 | rerun the fixincludes script from gcc or take the opportunity to |
---|
| 1407 | update your gcc installation. |
---|
| 1408 | |
---|
[10723] | 1409 | =item Optimizer |
---|
| 1410 | |
---|
| 1411 | If you can't compile successfully, try turning off your compiler's |
---|
| 1412 | optimizer. Edit config.sh and change the line |
---|
| 1413 | |
---|
| 1414 | optimize='-O' |
---|
| 1415 | |
---|
[14544] | 1416 | to |
---|
[10723] | 1417 | |
---|
| 1418 | optimize=' ' |
---|
| 1419 | |
---|
| 1420 | then propagate your changes with B<sh Configure -S> and rebuild |
---|
| 1421 | with B<make depend; make>. |
---|
| 1422 | |
---|
| 1423 | =item CRIPPLED_CC |
---|
| 1424 | |
---|
[14544] | 1425 | If you still can't compile successfully, try: |
---|
[10723] | 1426 | |
---|
[14544] | 1427 | sh Configure -Accflags=-DCRIPPLED_CC |
---|
| 1428 | |
---|
| 1429 | This flag simplifies some complicated expressions for compilers that get |
---|
| 1430 | indigestion easily. (Just because you get no errors doesn't mean it |
---|
| 1431 | compiled right!) |
---|
| 1432 | |
---|
[10723] | 1433 | =item Missing functions |
---|
| 1434 | |
---|
| 1435 | If you have missing routines, you probably need to add some library or |
---|
| 1436 | other, or you need to undefine some feature that Configure thought was |
---|
| 1437 | there but is defective or incomplete. Look through config.h for |
---|
[14544] | 1438 | likely suspects. If Configure guessed wrong on a number of functions, |
---|
| 1439 | you might have the L<"nm extraction"> problem discussed above. |
---|
[10723] | 1440 | |
---|
| 1441 | =item toke.c |
---|
| 1442 | |
---|
| 1443 | Some compilers will not compile or optimize the larger files (such as |
---|
| 1444 | toke.c) without some extra switches to use larger jump offsets or |
---|
| 1445 | allocate larger internal tables. You can customize the switches for |
---|
| 1446 | each file in cflags. It's okay to insert rules for specific files into |
---|
| 1447 | makefile since a default rule only takes effect in the absence of a |
---|
| 1448 | specific rule. |
---|
| 1449 | |
---|
| 1450 | =item Missing dbmclose |
---|
| 1451 | |
---|
| 1452 | SCO prior to 3.2.4 may be missing dbmclose(). An upgrade to 3.2.4 |
---|
| 1453 | that includes libdbm.nfs (which includes dbmclose()) may be available. |
---|
| 1454 | |
---|
| 1455 | =item Note (probably harmless): No library found for -lsomething |
---|
| 1456 | |
---|
| 1457 | If you see such a message during the building of an extension, but |
---|
| 1458 | the extension passes its tests anyway (see L<"make test"> below), |
---|
| 1459 | then don't worry about the warning message. The extension |
---|
| 1460 | Makefile.PL goes looking for various libraries needed on various |
---|
| 1461 | systems; few systems will need all the possible libraries listed. |
---|
| 1462 | For example, a system may have -lcposix or -lposix, but it's |
---|
| 1463 | unlikely to have both, so most users will see warnings for the one |
---|
| 1464 | they don't have. The phrase 'probably harmless' is intended to |
---|
| 1465 | reassure you that nothing unusual is happening, and the build |
---|
| 1466 | process is continuing. |
---|
| 1467 | |
---|
| 1468 | On the other hand, if you are building GDBM_File and you get the |
---|
| 1469 | message |
---|
| 1470 | |
---|
| 1471 | Note (probably harmless): No library found for -lgdbm |
---|
| 1472 | |
---|
| 1473 | then it's likely you're going to run into trouble somewhere along |
---|
| 1474 | the line, since it's hard to see how you can use the GDBM_File |
---|
| 1475 | extension without the -lgdbm library. |
---|
| 1476 | |
---|
| 1477 | It is true that, in principle, Configure could have figured all of |
---|
| 1478 | this out, but Configure and the extension building process are not |
---|
| 1479 | quite that tightly coordinated. |
---|
| 1480 | |
---|
| 1481 | =item sh: ar: not found |
---|
| 1482 | |
---|
| 1483 | This is a message from your shell telling you that the command 'ar' |
---|
| 1484 | was not found. You need to check your PATH environment variable to |
---|
| 1485 | make sure that it includes the directory with the 'ar' command. This |
---|
| 1486 | is a common problem on Solaris, where 'ar' is in the /usr/ccs/bin |
---|
| 1487 | directory. |
---|
| 1488 | |
---|
| 1489 | =item db-recno failure on tests 51, 53 and 55 |
---|
| 1490 | |
---|
| 1491 | Old versions of the DB library (including the DB library which comes |
---|
| 1492 | with FreeBSD 2.1) had broken handling of recno databases with modified |
---|
| 1493 | bval settings. Upgrade your DB library or OS. |
---|
| 1494 | |
---|
[14544] | 1495 | =item Bad arg length for semctl, is XX, should be ZZZ |
---|
| 1496 | |
---|
| 1497 | If you get this error message from the lib/ipc_sysv test, your System |
---|
| 1498 | V IPC may be broken. The XX typically is 20, and that is what ZZZ |
---|
| 1499 | also should be. Consider upgrading your OS, or reconfiguring your OS |
---|
| 1500 | to include the System V semaphores. |
---|
| 1501 | |
---|
| 1502 | =item lib/ipc_sysv........semget: No space left on device |
---|
| 1503 | |
---|
| 1504 | Either your account or the whole system has run out of semaphores. Or |
---|
| 1505 | both. Either list the semaphores with "ipcs" and remove the unneeded |
---|
| 1506 | ones (which ones these are depends on your system and applications) |
---|
| 1507 | with "ipcrm -s SEMAPHORE_ID_HERE" or configure more semaphores to your |
---|
| 1508 | system. |
---|
| 1509 | |
---|
| 1510 | =item GNU binutils |
---|
| 1511 | |
---|
| 1512 | If you mix GNU binutils (nm, ld, ar) with equivalent vendor-supplied |
---|
| 1513 | tools you may be in for some trouble. For example creating archives |
---|
| 1514 | with an old GNU 'ar' and then using a new current vendor-supplied 'ld' |
---|
| 1515 | may lead into linking problems. Either recompile your GNU binutils |
---|
| 1516 | under your current operating system release, or modify your PATH not |
---|
| 1517 | to include the GNU utils before running Configure, or specify the |
---|
| 1518 | vendor-supplied utilities explicitly to Configure, for example by |
---|
| 1519 | Configure -Dar=/bin/ar. |
---|
| 1520 | |
---|
[10723] | 1521 | =item Miscellaneous |
---|
| 1522 | |
---|
| 1523 | Some additional things that have been reported for either perl4 or perl5: |
---|
| 1524 | |
---|
| 1525 | Genix may need to use libc rather than libc_s, or #undef VARARGS. |
---|
| 1526 | |
---|
| 1527 | NCR Tower 32 (OS 2.01.01) may need -W2,-Sl,2000 and #undef MKDIR. |
---|
| 1528 | |
---|
| 1529 | UTS may need one or more of -DCRIPPLED_CC, -K or -g, and undef LSTAT. |
---|
| 1530 | |
---|
[14544] | 1531 | FreeBSD can fail the lib/ipc_sysv.t test if SysV IPC has not been |
---|
| 1532 | configured to the kernel. Perl tries to detect this, though, and |
---|
| 1533 | you will get a message telling what to do. |
---|
| 1534 | |
---|
[10723] | 1535 | If you get syntax errors on '(', try -DCRIPPLED_CC. |
---|
| 1536 | |
---|
| 1537 | Machines with half-implemented dbm routines will need to #undef I_ODBM |
---|
| 1538 | |
---|
[14544] | 1539 | HP-UX 11 Y2K patch "Y2K-1100 B.11.00.B0125 HP-UX Core OS Year 2000 |
---|
| 1540 | Patch Bundle" has been reported to break the io/fs test #18 which |
---|
| 1541 | tests whether utime() can change timestamps. The Y2K patch seems to |
---|
| 1542 | break utime() so that over NFS the timestamps do not get changed |
---|
| 1543 | (on local filesystems utime() still works). |
---|
| 1544 | |
---|
[10723] | 1545 | =back |
---|
| 1546 | |
---|
| 1547 | =head1 make test |
---|
| 1548 | |
---|
[14544] | 1549 | This will run the regression tests on the perl you just made. If |
---|
| 1550 | 'make test' doesn't say "All tests successful" then something went |
---|
| 1551 | wrong. See the file t/README in the t subdirectory. |
---|
[10723] | 1552 | |
---|
| 1553 | Note that you can't run the tests in background if this disables |
---|
| 1554 | opening of /dev/tty. You can use 'make test-notty' in that case but |
---|
| 1555 | a few tty tests will be skipped. |
---|
| 1556 | |
---|
[14544] | 1557 | =head2 What if make test doesn't work? |
---|
| 1558 | |
---|
[10723] | 1559 | If make test bombs out, just cd to the t directory and run ./TEST |
---|
| 1560 | by hand to see if it makes any difference. If individual tests |
---|
| 1561 | bomb, you can run them by hand, e.g., |
---|
| 1562 | |
---|
| 1563 | ./perl op/groups.t |
---|
| 1564 | |
---|
| 1565 | Another way to get more detailed information about failed tests and |
---|
| 1566 | individual subtests is to cd to the t directory and run |
---|
| 1567 | |
---|
| 1568 | ./perl harness |
---|
| 1569 | |
---|
| 1570 | (this assumes that most basic tests succeed, since harness uses |
---|
| 1571 | complicated constructs). |
---|
| 1572 | |
---|
| 1573 | You should also read the individual tests to see if there are any helpful |
---|
| 1574 | comments that apply to your system. |
---|
| 1575 | |
---|
[14544] | 1576 | =over 4 |
---|
| 1577 | |
---|
| 1578 | =item locale |
---|
| 1579 | |
---|
[10723] | 1580 | Note: One possible reason for errors is that some external programs |
---|
| 1581 | may be broken due to the combination of your environment and the way |
---|
| 1582 | B<make test> exercises them. For example, this may happen if you have |
---|
| 1583 | one or more of these environment variables set: LC_ALL LC_CTYPE |
---|
| 1584 | LC_COLLATE LANG. In some versions of UNIX, the non-English locales |
---|
| 1585 | are known to cause programs to exhibit mysterious errors. |
---|
| 1586 | |
---|
| 1587 | If you have any of the above environment variables set, please try |
---|
| 1588 | |
---|
| 1589 | setenv LC_ALL C |
---|
| 1590 | |
---|
| 1591 | (for C shell) or |
---|
| 1592 | |
---|
| 1593 | LC_ALL=C;export LC_ALL |
---|
| 1594 | |
---|
| 1595 | for Bourne or Korn shell) from the command line and then retry |
---|
| 1596 | make test. If the tests then succeed, you may have a broken program that |
---|
| 1597 | is confusing the testing. Please run the troublesome test by hand as |
---|
| 1598 | shown above and see whether you can locate the program. Look for |
---|
| 1599 | things like: exec, `backquoted command`, system, open("|...") or |
---|
| 1600 | open("...|"). All these mean that Perl is trying to run some |
---|
| 1601 | external program. |
---|
| 1602 | |
---|
[14544] | 1603 | =item Out of memory |
---|
| 1604 | |
---|
| 1605 | On some systems, particularly those with smaller amounts of RAM, some |
---|
| 1606 | of the tests in t/op/pat.t may fail with an "Out of memory" message. |
---|
| 1607 | For example, on my SparcStation IPC with 12 MB of RAM, in perl5.5.670, |
---|
| 1608 | test 85 will fail if run under either t/TEST or t/harness. |
---|
| 1609 | |
---|
| 1610 | Try stopping other jobs on the system and then running the test by itself: |
---|
| 1611 | |
---|
| 1612 | cd t; ./perl op/pat.t |
---|
| 1613 | |
---|
| 1614 | to see if you have any better luck. If your perl still fails this |
---|
| 1615 | test, it does not necessarily mean you have a broken perl. This test |
---|
| 1616 | tries to exercise the regular expression subsystem quite thoroughly, |
---|
| 1617 | and may well be far more demanding than your normal usage. |
---|
| 1618 | |
---|
| 1619 | =back |
---|
| 1620 | |
---|
[10723] | 1621 | =head1 make install |
---|
| 1622 | |
---|
| 1623 | This will put perl into the public directory you specified to |
---|
| 1624 | Configure; by default this is /usr/local/bin. It will also try |
---|
| 1625 | to put the man pages in a reasonable place. It will not nroff the man |
---|
| 1626 | pages, however. You may need to be root to run B<make install>. If you |
---|
| 1627 | are not root, you must own the directories in question and you should |
---|
| 1628 | ignore any messages about chown not working. |
---|
| 1629 | |
---|
[14544] | 1630 | =head2 Installing perl under different names |
---|
| 1631 | |
---|
| 1632 | If you want to install perl under a name other than "perl" (for example, |
---|
| 1633 | when installing perl with special features enabled, such as debugging), |
---|
| 1634 | indicate the alternate name on the "make install" line, such as: |
---|
| 1635 | |
---|
| 1636 | make install PERLNAME=myperl |
---|
| 1637 | |
---|
| 1638 | You can separately change the base used for versioned names (like |
---|
| 1639 | "perl5.005") by setting PERLNAME_VERBASE, like |
---|
| 1640 | |
---|
| 1641 | make install PERLNAME=perl5 PERLNAME_VERBASE=perl |
---|
| 1642 | |
---|
| 1643 | This can be useful if you have to install perl as "perl5" (due to an |
---|
| 1644 | ancient version in /usr/bin supplied by your vendor, eg). Without this |
---|
| 1645 | the versioned binary would be called "perl55.005". |
---|
| 1646 | |
---|
| 1647 | =head2 Installed files |
---|
| 1648 | |
---|
[10723] | 1649 | If you want to see exactly what will happen without installing |
---|
| 1650 | anything, you can run |
---|
| 1651 | |
---|
| 1652 | ./perl installperl -n |
---|
| 1653 | ./perl installman -n |
---|
| 1654 | |
---|
| 1655 | make install will install the following: |
---|
| 1656 | |
---|
| 1657 | perl, |
---|
| 1658 | perl5.nnn where nnn is the current release number. This |
---|
| 1659 | will be a link to perl. |
---|
| 1660 | suidperl, |
---|
| 1661 | sperl5.nnn If you requested setuid emulation. |
---|
| 1662 | a2p awk-to-perl translator |
---|
| 1663 | cppstdin This is used by perl -P, if your cc -E can't |
---|
| 1664 | read from stdin. |
---|
| 1665 | c2ph, pstruct Scripts for handling C structures in header files. |
---|
| 1666 | s2p sed-to-perl translator |
---|
| 1667 | find2perl find-to-perl translator |
---|
| 1668 | h2ph Extract constants and simple macros from C headers |
---|
| 1669 | h2xs Converts C .h header files to Perl extensions. |
---|
| 1670 | perlbug Tool to report bugs in Perl. |
---|
| 1671 | perldoc Tool to read perl's pod documentation. |
---|
| 1672 | pl2pm Convert Perl 4 .pl files to Perl 5 .pm modules |
---|
| 1673 | pod2html, Converters from perl's pod documentation format |
---|
| 1674 | pod2latex, to other useful formats. |
---|
| 1675 | pod2man, and |
---|
| 1676 | pod2text |
---|
| 1677 | splain Describe Perl warnings and errors |
---|
[14544] | 1678 | dprofpp Perl code profile post-processor |
---|
[10723] | 1679 | |
---|
| 1680 | library files in $privlib and $archlib specified to |
---|
| 1681 | Configure, usually under /usr/local/lib/perl5/. |
---|
[14544] | 1682 | man pages in $man1dir, usually /usr/local/man/man1. |
---|
| 1683 | module man |
---|
| 1684 | pages in $man3dir, usually /usr/local/man/man3. |
---|
[10723] | 1685 | pod/*.pod in $privlib/pod/. |
---|
| 1686 | |
---|
[14544] | 1687 | Installperl will also create the directories listed above |
---|
| 1688 | in L<"Installation Directories">. |
---|
[10723] | 1689 | |
---|
| 1690 | Perl's *.h header files and the libperl.a library are also installed |
---|
[14544] | 1691 | under $archlib so that any user may later build new modules, run the |
---|
[10723] | 1692 | optional Perl compiler, or embed the perl interpreter into another |
---|
| 1693 | program even if the Perl source is no longer available. |
---|
| 1694 | |
---|
| 1695 | =head1 Coexistence with earlier versions of perl5 |
---|
| 1696 | |
---|
[14544] | 1697 | In general, you can usually safely upgrade from one version of Perl (e.g. |
---|
| 1698 | 5.004_04) to another similar version (e.g. 5.004_05) without re-compiling |
---|
| 1699 | all of your add-on extensions. You can also safely leave the old version |
---|
| 1700 | around in case the new version causes you problems for some reason. |
---|
| 1701 | For example, if you want to be sure that your script continues to run |
---|
| 1702 | with 5.004_04, simply replace the '#!/usr/local/bin/perl' line at the |
---|
| 1703 | top of the script with the particular version you want to run, e.g. |
---|
| 1704 | #!/usr/local/bin/perl5.00404. |
---|
[10723] | 1705 | |
---|
[14544] | 1706 | Most extensions will probably not need to be recompiled to use |
---|
| 1707 | with a newer version of perl. Here is how it is supposed to work. |
---|
| 1708 | (These examples assume you accept all the Configure defaults.) |
---|
[10723] | 1709 | |
---|
[14544] | 1710 | Suppose you already have version 5.005_03 installed. The directories |
---|
| 1711 | searched by 5.005_03 are |
---|
[10723] | 1712 | |
---|
[14544] | 1713 | /usr/local/lib/perl5/5.00503/$archname |
---|
| 1714 | /usr/local/lib/perl5/5.00503 |
---|
| 1715 | /usr/local/lib/perl5/site_perl/5.005/$archname |
---|
| 1716 | /usr/local/lib/perl5/site_perl/5.005 |
---|
[10723] | 1717 | |
---|
[14544] | 1718 | Beginning with 5.6.0 the version number in the site libraries are |
---|
| 1719 | fully versioned. Now, suppose you install version 5.6.0. The directories |
---|
| 1720 | searched by version 5.6.0 will be |
---|
| 1721 | |
---|
| 1722 | /usr/local/lib/perl5/5.6.0/$archname |
---|
| 1723 | /usr/local/lib/perl5/5.6.0 |
---|
| 1724 | /usr/local/lib/perl5/site_perl/5.6.0/$archname |
---|
| 1725 | /usr/local/lib/perl5/site_perl/5.6.0 |
---|
| 1726 | |
---|
| 1727 | /usr/local/lib/perl5/site_perl/5.005/$archname |
---|
| 1728 | /usr/local/lib/perl5/site_perl/5.005 |
---|
| 1729 | /usr/local/lib/perl5/site_perl/ |
---|
| 1730 | |
---|
| 1731 | Notice the last three entries -- Perl understands the default structure |
---|
| 1732 | of the $sitelib directories and will look back in older, compatible |
---|
| 1733 | directories. This way, modules installed under 5.005_03 will continue |
---|
| 1734 | to be usable by 5.005_03 but will also accessible to 5.6.0. Further, |
---|
| 1735 | suppose that you upgrade a module to one which requires features |
---|
| 1736 | present only in 5.6.0. That new module will get installed into |
---|
| 1737 | /usr/local/lib/perl5/site_perl/5.6.0 and will be available to 5.6.0, |
---|
| 1738 | but will not interfere with the 5.005_03 version. |
---|
| 1739 | |
---|
| 1740 | The last entry, /usr/local/lib/perl5/site_perl/, is there so that |
---|
| 1741 | 5.6.0 will look for 5.004-era pure perl modules. |
---|
| 1742 | |
---|
| 1743 | Lastly, suppose you now install version 5.6.1, which we'll assume is |
---|
| 1744 | binary compatible with 5.6.0 and 5.005. The directories searched |
---|
| 1745 | by 5.6.1 (if you don't change the Configure defaults) will be: |
---|
| 1746 | |
---|
| 1747 | /usr/local/lib/perl5/5.6.1/$archname |
---|
| 1748 | /usr/local/lib/perl5/5.6.1 |
---|
| 1749 | /usr/local/lib/perl5/site_perl/5.6.1/$archname |
---|
| 1750 | /usr/local/lib/perl5/site_perl/5.6.1 |
---|
| 1751 | |
---|
| 1752 | /usr/local/lib/perl5/site_perl/5.6.0/$archname |
---|
| 1753 | /usr/local/lib/perl5/site_perl/5.6.0 |
---|
| 1754 | |
---|
| 1755 | /usr/local/lib/perl5/site_perl/5.005/$archname |
---|
| 1756 | /usr/local/lib/perl5/site_perl/5.005 |
---|
| 1757 | /usr/local/lib/perl5/site_perl/ |
---|
| 1758 | |
---|
| 1759 | Assuming the users in your site are still actively using perl 5.6.0 and |
---|
| 1760 | 5.005 after you installed 5.6.1, you can continue to install add-on |
---|
| 1761 | extensions using any of perl 5.6.1, 5.6.0, or 5.005. The installations |
---|
| 1762 | of these different versions remain distinct, but remember that the newer |
---|
| 1763 | versions of perl are automatically set up to search the site libraries of |
---|
| 1764 | the older ones. This means that installing a new extension with 5.005 |
---|
| 1765 | will make it visible to all three versions. Later, if you install the |
---|
| 1766 | same extension using, say, perl 5.6.1, it will override the 5.005-installed |
---|
| 1767 | version, but only for perl 5.6.1. |
---|
| 1768 | |
---|
| 1769 | This way, you can choose to share compatible extensions, but also upgrade |
---|
| 1770 | to a newer version of an extension that may be incompatible with earlier |
---|
| 1771 | versions, without breaking the earlier versions' installations. |
---|
| 1772 | |
---|
| 1773 | =head2 Maintaining completely separate versions |
---|
| 1774 | |
---|
[10723] | 1775 | Many users prefer to keep all versions of perl in completely |
---|
[14544] | 1776 | separate directories. This guarantees that an update to one version |
---|
| 1777 | won't interfere with another version. (The defaults guarantee this for |
---|
| 1778 | libraries after 5.6.0, but not for executables. TODO?) One convenient |
---|
| 1779 | way to do this is by using a separate prefix for each version, such as |
---|
[10723] | 1780 | |
---|
| 1781 | sh Configure -Dprefix=/opt/perl5.004 |
---|
| 1782 | |
---|
| 1783 | and adding /opt/perl5.004/bin to the shell PATH variable. Such users |
---|
| 1784 | may also wish to add a symbolic link /usr/local/bin/perl so that |
---|
| 1785 | scripts can still start with #!/usr/local/bin/perl. |
---|
| 1786 | |
---|
[14544] | 1787 | Others might share a common directory for maintenance sub-versions |
---|
| 1788 | (e.g. 5.004 for all 5.004_0x versions), but change directory with |
---|
| 1789 | each major version. |
---|
| 1790 | |
---|
[10723] | 1791 | If you are installing a development subversion, you probably ought to |
---|
| 1792 | seriously consider using a separate directory, since development |
---|
| 1793 | subversions may not have all the compatibility wrinkles ironed out |
---|
| 1794 | yet. |
---|
| 1795 | |
---|
[14544] | 1796 | =head2 Upgrading from 5.005 to 5.6.0 |
---|
| 1797 | |
---|
| 1798 | Most extensions built and installed with versions of perl |
---|
| 1799 | prior to 5.005_50 will not need to be recompiled to be used with |
---|
| 1800 | 5.6.0. If you find you do need to rebuild an extension with 5.6.0, |
---|
| 1801 | you may safely do so without disturbing the 5.005 installation. |
---|
| 1802 | (See L<"Coexistence with earlier versions of perl5"> above.) |
---|
| 1803 | |
---|
| 1804 | See your installed copy of the perllocal.pod file for a (possibly |
---|
| 1805 | incomplete) list of locally installed modules. Note that you want |
---|
| 1806 | perllocal.pod not perllocale.pod for installed module information. |
---|
| 1807 | |
---|
[10723] | 1808 | =head1 Coexistence with perl4 |
---|
| 1809 | |
---|
| 1810 | You can safely install perl5 even if you want to keep perl4 around. |
---|
| 1811 | |
---|
| 1812 | By default, the perl5 libraries go into /usr/local/lib/perl5/, so |
---|
| 1813 | they don't override the perl4 libraries in /usr/local/lib/perl/. |
---|
| 1814 | |
---|
| 1815 | In your /usr/local/bin directory, you should have a binary named |
---|
| 1816 | perl4.036. That will not be touched by the perl5 installation |
---|
| 1817 | process. Most perl4 scripts should run just fine under perl5. |
---|
| 1818 | However, if you have any scripts that require perl4, you can replace |
---|
[14544] | 1819 | the #! line at the top of them by #!/usr/local/bin/perl4.036 (or |
---|
| 1820 | whatever the appropriate pathname is). See pod/perltrap.pod for |
---|
| 1821 | possible problems running perl4 scripts under perl5. |
---|
[10723] | 1822 | |
---|
| 1823 | =head1 cd /usr/include; h2ph *.h sys/*.h |
---|
| 1824 | |
---|
[14544] | 1825 | Some perl scripts need to be able to obtain information from the |
---|
| 1826 | system header files. This command will convert the most commonly used |
---|
[10723] | 1827 | header files in /usr/include into files that can be easily interpreted |
---|
[14544] | 1828 | by perl. These files will be placed in the architecture-dependent |
---|
| 1829 | library ($archlib) directory you specified to Configure. |
---|
[10723] | 1830 | |
---|
[14544] | 1831 | Note: Due to differences in the C and perl languages, the conversion |
---|
| 1832 | of the header files is not perfect. You will probably have to |
---|
| 1833 | hand-edit some of the converted files to get them to parse correctly. |
---|
| 1834 | For example, h2ph breaks spectacularly on type casting and certain |
---|
| 1835 | structures. |
---|
[10723] | 1836 | |
---|
| 1837 | =head1 installhtml --help |
---|
| 1838 | |
---|
| 1839 | Some sites may wish to make perl documentation available in HTML |
---|
| 1840 | format. The installhtml utility can be used to convert pod |
---|
| 1841 | documentation into linked HTML files and install them. |
---|
| 1842 | |
---|
[14544] | 1843 | Currently, the supplied ./installhtml script does not make use of the |
---|
| 1844 | html Configure variables. This should be fixed in a future release. |
---|
| 1845 | |
---|
[10723] | 1846 | The following command-line is an example of one used to convert |
---|
| 1847 | perl documentation: |
---|
| 1848 | |
---|
| 1849 | ./installhtml \ |
---|
| 1850 | --podroot=. \ |
---|
| 1851 | --podpath=lib:ext:pod:vms \ |
---|
| 1852 | --recurse \ |
---|
| 1853 | --htmldir=/perl/nmanual \ |
---|
| 1854 | --htmlroot=/perl/nmanual \ |
---|
| 1855 | --splithead=pod/perlipc \ |
---|
| 1856 | --splititem=pod/perlfunc \ |
---|
| 1857 | --libpods=perlfunc:perlguts:perlvar:perlrun:perlop \ |
---|
| 1858 | --verbose |
---|
| 1859 | |
---|
| 1860 | See the documentation in installhtml for more details. It can take |
---|
| 1861 | many minutes to execute a large installation and you should expect to |
---|
| 1862 | see warnings like "no title", "unexpected directive" and "cannot |
---|
| 1863 | resolve" as the files are processed. We are aware of these problems |
---|
| 1864 | (and would welcome patches for them). |
---|
| 1865 | |
---|
| 1866 | You may find it helpful to run installhtml twice. That should reduce |
---|
| 1867 | the number of "cannot resolve" warnings. |
---|
| 1868 | |
---|
| 1869 | =head1 cd pod && make tex && (process the latex files) |
---|
| 1870 | |
---|
| 1871 | Some sites may also wish to make the documentation in the pod/ directory |
---|
| 1872 | available in TeX format. Type |
---|
| 1873 | |
---|
| 1874 | (cd pod && make tex && <process the latex files>) |
---|
| 1875 | |
---|
| 1876 | =head1 Reporting Problems |
---|
| 1877 | |
---|
[14544] | 1878 | If you have difficulty building perl, and none of the advice in this file |
---|
| 1879 | helps, and careful reading of the error message and the relevant manual |
---|
| 1880 | pages on your system doesn't help either, then you should send a message |
---|
| 1881 | to either the comp.lang.perl.misc newsgroup or to perlbug@perl.com with |
---|
| 1882 | an accurate description of your problem. |
---|
[10723] | 1883 | |
---|
[14544] | 1884 | Please include the output of the ./myconfig shell script that comes with |
---|
| 1885 | the distribution. Alternatively, you can use the perlbug program that |
---|
| 1886 | comes with the perl distribution, but you need to have perl compiled |
---|
| 1887 | before you can use it. (If you have not installed it yet, you need to |
---|
| 1888 | run C<./perl -Ilib utils/perlbug> instead of a plain C<perlbug>.) |
---|
[10723] | 1889 | |
---|
[14544] | 1890 | Please try to make your message brief but clear. Trim out unnecessary |
---|
| 1891 | information. Do not include large files (such as config.sh or a complete |
---|
| 1892 | Configure or make log) unless absolutely necessary. Do not include a |
---|
| 1893 | complete transcript of your build session. Just include the failing |
---|
| 1894 | commands, the relevant error messages, and whatever preceding commands |
---|
| 1895 | are necessary to give the appropriate context. Plain text should |
---|
| 1896 | usually be sufficient--fancy attachments or encodings may actually |
---|
| 1897 | reduce the number of people who read your message. Your message |
---|
| 1898 | will get relayed to over 400 subscribers around the world so please |
---|
| 1899 | try to keep it brief but clear. |
---|
[10723] | 1900 | |
---|
| 1901 | =head1 DOCUMENTATION |
---|
| 1902 | |
---|
[14544] | 1903 | Read the manual entries before running perl. The main documentation |
---|
| 1904 | is in the pod/ subdirectory and should have been installed during the |
---|
[10723] | 1905 | build process. Type B<man perl> to get started. Alternatively, you |
---|
[14544] | 1906 | can type B<perldoc perl> to use the supplied perldoc script. This is |
---|
| 1907 | sometimes useful for finding things in the library modules. |
---|
[10723] | 1908 | |
---|
| 1909 | Under UNIX, you can produce a documentation book in postscript form, |
---|
[14544] | 1910 | along with its table of contents, by going to the pod/ subdirectory and |
---|
| 1911 | running (either): |
---|
[10723] | 1912 | |
---|
| 1913 | ./roffitall -groff # If you have GNU groff installed |
---|
| 1914 | ./roffitall -psroff # If you have psroff |
---|
| 1915 | |
---|
| 1916 | This will leave you with two postscript files ready to be printed. |
---|
| 1917 | (You may need to fix the roffitall command to use your local troff |
---|
| 1918 | set-up.) |
---|
| 1919 | |
---|
[14544] | 1920 | Note that you must have performed the installation already before running |
---|
| 1921 | the above, since the script collects the installed files to generate |
---|
| 1922 | the documentation. |
---|
[10723] | 1923 | |
---|
| 1924 | =head1 AUTHOR |
---|
| 1925 | |
---|
[14544] | 1926 | Original author: Andy Dougherty doughera@lafayette.edu , borrowing very |
---|
| 1927 | heavily from the original README by Larry Wall, with lots of helpful |
---|
| 1928 | feedback and additions from the perl5-porters@perl.org folks. |
---|
[10723] | 1929 | |
---|
[14544] | 1930 | If you have problems, corrections, or questions, please see |
---|
| 1931 | L<"Reporting Problems"> above. |
---|
[10723] | 1932 | |
---|
[14544] | 1933 | =head1 REDISTRIBUTION |
---|
| 1934 | |
---|
| 1935 | This document is part of the Perl package and may be distributed under |
---|
| 1936 | the same terms as perl itself, with the following additional request: |
---|
| 1937 | If you are distributing a modified version of perl (perhaps as part of |
---|
| 1938 | a larger package) please B<do> modify these installation instructions |
---|
| 1939 | and the contact information to match your distribution. |
---|
| 1940 | |
---|
[10723] | 1941 | =head1 LAST MODIFIED |
---|
| 1942 | |
---|
[14544] | 1943 | $Id: INSTALL,v 1.1.1.2 2000-04-07 20:35:52 ghudson Exp $ |
---|