1 | If you read this file _as_is_, just ignore the funny characters you |
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2 | see. It is written in the POD format (see pod/perlpod.pod) which is |
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3 | specially designed to be readable as is. |
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4 | |
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5 | =head1 NAME |
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6 | |
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7 | README.cygwin - Perl for Cygwin |
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8 | |
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9 | =head1 SYNOPSIS |
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10 | |
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11 | This document will help you configure, make, test and install Perl |
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12 | on Cygwin. This document also describes features of Cygwin that will |
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13 | affect how Perl behaves at runtime. |
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14 | |
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15 | B<NOTE:> There are pre-built Perl packages available for Cygwin and a |
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16 | version of Perl is provided in the normal Cygwin install. If you do |
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17 | not need to customize the configuration, consider using one of those |
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18 | packages. |
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19 | |
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20 | |
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21 | =head1 PREREQUISITES FOR COMPILING PERL ON CYGWIN |
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22 | |
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23 | =head2 Cygwin = GNU+Cygnus+Windows (Don't leave UNIX without it) |
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24 | |
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25 | The Cygwin tools are ports of the popular GNU development tools for Win32 |
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26 | platforms. They run thanks to the Cygwin library which provides the UNIX |
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27 | system calls and environment these programs expect. More information |
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28 | about this project can be found at: |
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29 | |
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30 | http://www.cygwin.com/ |
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31 | |
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32 | A recent net or commercial release of Cygwin is required. |
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33 | |
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34 | At the time this document was last updated, Cygwin 1.3.12 was current. |
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35 | |
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36 | |
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37 | =head2 Cygwin Configuration |
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38 | |
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39 | While building Perl some changes may be necessary to your Cygwin setup so |
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40 | that Perl builds cleanly. These changes are B<not> required for normal |
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41 | Perl usage. |
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42 | |
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43 | B<NOTE:> The binaries that are built will run on all Win32 versions. |
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44 | They do not depend on your host system (Win9x/WinME, WinNT/Win2K) |
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45 | or your Cygwin configuration (I<ntea>, I<ntsec>, binary/text mounts). |
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46 | The only dependencies come from hard-coded pathnames like C</usr/local>. |
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47 | However, your host system and Cygwin configuration will affect Perl's |
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48 | runtime behavior (see L</"TEST">). |
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49 | |
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50 | =over 4 |
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51 | |
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52 | =item * C<PATH> |
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53 | |
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54 | Set the C<PATH> environment variable so that Configure finds the Cygwin |
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55 | versions of programs. Any Windows directories should be removed or |
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56 | moved to the end of your C<PATH>. |
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57 | |
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58 | =item * I<nroff> |
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59 | |
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60 | If you do not have I<nroff> (which is part of the I<groff> package), |
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61 | Configure will B<not> prompt you to install I<man> pages. |
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62 | |
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63 | =item * Permissions |
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64 | |
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65 | On WinNT with either the I<ntea> or I<ntsec> C<CYGWIN> settings, directory |
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66 | and file permissions may not be set correctly. Since the build process |
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67 | creates directories and files, to be safe you may want to run a `C<chmod |
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68 | -R +w *>' on the entire Perl source tree. |
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69 | |
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70 | Also, it is a well known WinNT "feature" that files created by a login |
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71 | that is a member of the I<Administrators> group will be owned by the |
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72 | I<Administrators> group. Depending on your umask, you may find that you |
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73 | can not write to files that you just created (because you are no longer |
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74 | the owner). When using the I<ntsec> C<CYGWIN> setting, this is not an |
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75 | issue because it "corrects" the ownership to what you would expect on |
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76 | a UNIX system. |
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77 | |
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78 | =back |
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79 | |
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80 | =head1 CONFIGURE PERL ON CYGWIN |
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81 | |
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82 | The default options gathered by Configure with the assistance of |
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83 | F<hints/cygwin.sh> will build a Perl that supports dynamic loading |
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84 | (which requires a shared F<libperl.dll>). |
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85 | |
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86 | This will run Configure and keep a record: |
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87 | |
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88 | ./Configure 2>&1 | tee log.configure |
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89 | |
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90 | If you are willing to accept all the defaults run Configure with B<-de>. |
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91 | However, several useful customizations are available. |
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92 | |
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93 | =head2 Stripping Perl Binaries on Cygwin |
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94 | |
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95 | It is possible to strip the EXEs and DLLs created by the build process. |
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96 | The resulting binaries will be significantly smaller. If you want the |
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97 | binaries to be stripped, you can either add a B<-s> option when Configure |
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98 | prompts you, |
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99 | |
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100 | Any additional ld flags (NOT including libraries)? [none] -s |
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101 | Any special flags to pass to gcc to use dynamic linking? [none] -s |
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102 | Any special flags to pass to ld2 to create a dynamically loaded library? |
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103 | [none] -s |
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104 | |
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105 | or you can edit F<hints/cygwin.sh> and uncomment the relevant variables |
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106 | near the end of the file. |
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107 | |
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108 | =head2 Optional Libraries for Perl on Cygwin |
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109 | |
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110 | Several Perl functions and modules depend on the existence of |
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111 | some optional libraries. Configure will find them if they are |
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112 | installed in one of the directories listed as being used for library |
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113 | searches. Pre-built packages for most of these are available from |
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114 | the Cygwin installer. |
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115 | |
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116 | =over 4 |
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117 | |
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118 | =item * C<-lcrypt> |
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119 | |
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120 | The crypt package distributed with Cygwin is a Linux compatible 56-bit |
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121 | DES crypt port by Corinna Vinschen. |
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122 | |
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123 | Alternatively, the crypt libraries in GNU libc have been ported to Cygwin. |
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124 | |
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125 | The DES based Ultra Fast Crypt port was done by Alexey Truhan: |
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126 | |
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127 | ftp://ftp.uni-erlangen.de/pub/pc/gnuwin32/cygwin/porters/Okhapkin_Sergey/cw32crypt-dist-0.tgz |
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128 | |
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129 | NOTE: There are various export restrictions on DES implementations, |
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130 | see the glibc README for more details. |
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131 | |
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132 | The MD5 port was done by Andy Piper: |
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133 | |
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134 | ftp://ftp.uni-erlangen.de/pub/pc/gnuwin32/cygwin/porters/Okhapkin_Sergey/libcrypt.tgz |
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135 | |
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136 | =item * C<-lgdbm> (C<use GDBM_File>) |
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137 | |
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138 | GDBM is available for Cygwin. |
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139 | |
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140 | =item * C<-ldb> (C<use DB_File>) |
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141 | |
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142 | BerkeleyDB is available for Cygwin. Some details can be found in |
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143 | F<ext/DB_File/DB_File.pm>. |
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144 | |
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145 | NOTE: The BerkeleyDB library only completely works on NTFS partitions. |
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146 | |
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147 | =item * C<-lcygipc> (C<use IPC::SysV>) |
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148 | |
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149 | A port of SysV IPC is available for Cygwin. |
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150 | |
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151 | NOTE: This has B<not> been extensively tested. In particular, |
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152 | C<d_semctl_semun> is undefined because it fails a Configure test |
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153 | and on Win9x the I<shm*()> functions seem to hang. It also creates |
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154 | a compile time dependency because F<perl.h> includes F<<sys/ipc.h>> |
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155 | and F<<sys/sem.h>> (which will be required in the future when compiling |
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156 | CPAN modules). NO LONGER SUPPORTED! |
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157 | |
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158 | =item * C<-lutil> |
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159 | |
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160 | Included with the standard Cygwin netrelease is the inetutils package |
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161 | which includes libutil.a. |
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162 | |
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163 | =back |
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164 | |
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165 | =head2 Configure-time Options for Perl on Cygwin |
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166 | |
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167 | The F<INSTALL> document describes several Configure-time options. Some of |
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168 | these will work with Cygwin, others are not yet possible. Also, some of |
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169 | these are experimental. You can either select an option when Configure |
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170 | prompts you or you can define (undefine) symbols on the command line. |
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171 | |
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172 | =over 4 |
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173 | |
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174 | =item * C<-Uusedl> |
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175 | |
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176 | Undefining this symbol forces Perl to be compiled statically. |
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177 | |
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178 | =item * C<-Uusemymalloc> |
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179 | |
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180 | By default Perl uses the malloc() included with the Perl source. If you |
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181 | want to force Perl to build with the system malloc() undefine this symbol. |
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182 | |
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183 | =item * C<-Uuseperlio> |
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184 | |
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185 | Undefining this symbol disables the PerlIO abstraction, which is now the |
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186 | default. |
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187 | |
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188 | =item * C<-Dusemultiplicity> |
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189 | |
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190 | Multiplicity is required when embedding Perl in a C program and using |
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191 | more than one interpreter instance. This works with the Cygwin port. |
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192 | |
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193 | =item * C<-Duse64bitint> |
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194 | |
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195 | By default Perl uses 32 bit integers. If you want to use larger 64 |
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196 | bit integers, define this symbol. If there is trouble, check that |
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197 | your Cygwin installation is up to date. |
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198 | |
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199 | =item * C<-Duselongdouble> |
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200 | |
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201 | I<gcc> supports long doubles (12 bytes). However, several additional |
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202 | long double math functions are necessary to use them within Perl |
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203 | (I<{atan2, cos, exp, floor, fmod, frexp, isnan, log, modf, pow, sin, sqrt}l, |
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204 | strtold>). |
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205 | These are B<not> yet available with Cygwin. |
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206 | |
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207 | =item * C<-Dusethreads> |
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208 | |
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209 | POSIX threads are B<not> yet implemented in Cygwin completely. |
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210 | |
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211 | =item * C<-Duselargefiles> |
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212 | |
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213 | Although Win32 supports large files, Cygwin currently uses 32-bit integers |
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214 | for internal size and position calculations. |
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215 | |
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216 | =item * C<-Dmksymlinks> |
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217 | |
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218 | Use this to build perl outside of the source tree. This works with Cygwin. |
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219 | Details can be found in the F<INSTALL> document. |
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220 | |
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221 | =back |
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222 | |
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223 | =head2 Suspicious Warnings on Cygwin |
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224 | |
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225 | You may see some messages during Configure that seem suspicious. |
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226 | |
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227 | =over 4 |
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228 | |
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229 | =item * I<dlsym()> |
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230 | |
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231 | I<ld2> is needed to build dynamic libraries, but it does not exist |
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232 | when dlsym() checking occurs (it is not created until `C<make>' runs). |
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233 | You will see the following message: |
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234 | |
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235 | Checking whether your dlsym() needs a leading underscore ... |
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236 | ld2: not found |
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237 | I can't compile and run the test program. |
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238 | I'm guessing that dlsym doesn't need a leading underscore. |
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239 | |
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240 | Since the guess is correct, this is not a problem. |
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241 | |
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242 | =item * Win9x and C<d_eofnblk> |
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243 | |
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244 | Win9x does not correctly report C<EOF> with a non-blocking read on a |
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245 | closed pipe. You will see the following messages: |
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246 | |
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247 | But it also returns -1 to signal EOF, so be careful! |
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248 | WARNING: you can't distinguish between EOF and no data! |
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249 | |
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250 | *** WHOA THERE!!! *** |
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251 | The recommended value for $d_eofnblk on this machine was "define"! |
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252 | Keep the recommended value? [y] |
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253 | |
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254 | At least for consistency with WinNT, you should keep the recommended |
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255 | value. |
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256 | |
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257 | =item * Compiler/Preprocessor defines |
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258 | |
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259 | The following error occurs because of the Cygwin C<#define> of |
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260 | C<_LONG_DOUBLE>: |
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261 | |
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262 | Guessing which symbols your C compiler and preprocessor define... |
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263 | try.c:<line#>: parse error |
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264 | |
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265 | This failure does not seem to cause any problems. |
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266 | |
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267 | =back |
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268 | |
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269 | =head1 MAKE ON CYGWIN |
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270 | |
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271 | Simply run I<make> and wait: |
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272 | |
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273 | make 2>&1 | tee log.make |
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274 | |
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275 | =head2 Warnings on Cygwin |
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276 | |
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277 | Warnings like these are normal: |
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278 | |
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279 | warning: overriding commands for target <file> |
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280 | warning: ignoring old commands for target <file> |
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281 | |
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282 | dllwrap: no export definition file provided |
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283 | dllwrap: creating one, but that may not be what you want |
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284 | |
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285 | =head2 ld2 on Cygwin |
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286 | |
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287 | During `C<make>', I<ld2> will be created and installed in your $installbin |
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288 | directory (where you said to put public executables). It does not |
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289 | wait until the `C<make install>' process to install the I<ld2> script, |
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290 | this is because the remainder of the `C<make>' refers to I<ld2> without |
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291 | fully specifying its path and does this from multiple subdirectories. |
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292 | The assumption is that $installbin is in your current C<PATH>. If this |
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293 | is not the case `C<make>' will fail at some point. If this happens, |
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294 | just manually copy I<ld2> from the source directory to somewhere in |
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295 | your C<PATH>. |
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296 | |
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297 | =head1 TEST ON CYGWIN |
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298 | |
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299 | There are two steps to running the test suite: |
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300 | |
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301 | make test 2>&1 | tee log.make-test |
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302 | |
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303 | cd t;./perl harness 2>&1 | tee ../log.harness |
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304 | |
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305 | The same tests are run both times, but more information is provided when |
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306 | running as `C<./perl harness>'. |
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307 | |
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308 | Test results vary depending on your host system and your Cygwin |
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309 | configuration. If a test can pass in some Cygwin setup, it is always |
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310 | attempted and explainable test failures are documented. It is possible |
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311 | for Perl to pass all the tests, but it is more likely that some tests |
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312 | will fail for one of the reasons listed below. |
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313 | |
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314 | =head2 File Permissions on Cygwin |
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315 | |
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316 | UNIX file permissions are based on sets of mode bits for |
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317 | {read,write,execute} for each {user,group,other}. By default Cygwin |
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318 | only tracks the Win32 read-only attribute represented as the UNIX file |
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319 | user write bit (files are always readable, files are executable if they |
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320 | have a F<.{com,bat,exe}> extension or begin with C<#!>, directories are |
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321 | always readable and executable). On WinNT with the I<ntea> C<CYGWIN> |
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322 | setting, the additional mode bits are stored as extended file attributes. |
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323 | On WinNT with the I<ntsec> C<CYGWIN> setting, permissions use the standard |
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324 | WinNT security descriptors and access control lists. Without one of |
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325 | these options, these tests will fail (listing not updated yet): |
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326 | |
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327 | Failed Test List of failed |
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328 | ------------------------------------ |
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329 | io/fs.t 5, 7, 9-10 |
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330 | lib/anydbm.t 2 |
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331 | lib/db-btree.t 20 |
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332 | lib/db-hash.t 16 |
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333 | lib/db-recno.t 18 |
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334 | lib/gdbm.t 2 |
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335 | lib/ndbm.t 2 |
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336 | lib/odbm.t 2 |
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337 | lib/sdbm.t 2 |
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338 | op/stat.t 9, 20 (.tmp not an executable extension) |
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339 | |
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340 | =head2 NDBM_File does not work on FAT filesystems |
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341 | |
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342 | Do not install NDBM_File on FAT filesystem. It can be built on a FAT |
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343 | filesystem, but many ndbm tests will fail. With NTFS, there should be |
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344 | no problems either way. |
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345 | |
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346 | =head2 Script Portability on Cygwin |
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347 | |
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348 | Cygwin does an outstanding job of providing UNIX-like semantics on top of |
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349 | Win32 systems. However, in addition to the items noted above, there are |
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350 | some differences that you should know about. This is a very brief guide |
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351 | to portability, more information can be found in the Cygwin documentation. |
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352 | |
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353 | =over 4 |
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354 | |
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355 | =item * Pathnames |
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356 | |
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357 | Cygwin pathnames can be separated by forward (F</>) or backward (F<\\>) |
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358 | slashes. They may also begin with drive letters (F<C:>) or Universal |
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359 | Naming Codes (F<//UNC>). DOS device names (F<aux>, F<con>, F<prn>, |
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360 | F<com*>, F<lpt?>, F<nul>) are invalid as base filenames. However, they |
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361 | can be used in extensions (e.g., F<hello.aux>). Names may contain all |
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362 | printable characters except these: |
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363 | |
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364 | : * ? " < > | |
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365 | |
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366 | File names are case insensitive, but case preserving. A pathname that |
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367 | contains a backslash or drive letter is a Win32 pathname (and not subject |
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368 | to the translations applied to POSIX style pathnames). |
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369 | |
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370 | =item * Text/Binary |
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371 | |
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372 | When a file is opened it is in either text or binary mode. In text mode |
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373 | a file is subject to CR/LF/Ctrl-Z translations. With Cygwin, the default |
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374 | mode for an open() is determined by the mode of the mount that underlies |
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375 | the file. Perl provides a binmode() function to set binary mode on files |
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376 | that otherwise would be treated as text. sysopen() with the C<O_TEXT> |
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377 | flag sets text mode on files that otherwise would be treated as binary: |
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378 | |
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379 | sysopen(FOO, "bar", O_WRONLY|O_CREAT|O_TEXT) |
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380 | |
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381 | lseek(), tell() and sysseek() only work with files opened in binary mode. |
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382 | |
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383 | The text/binary issue is covered at length in the Cygwin documentation. |
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384 | |
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385 | =item * F<.exe> |
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386 | |
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387 | The Cygwin stat(), lstat() and readlink() functions make the F<.exe> |
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388 | extension transparent by looking for F<foo.exe> when you ask for F<foo> |
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389 | (unless a F<foo> also exists). Cygwin does not require a F<.exe> |
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390 | extension, but I<gcc> adds it automatically when building a program. |
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391 | However, when accessing an executable as a normal file (e.g., I<cp> |
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392 | in a makefile) the F<.exe> is not transparent. The I<install> included |
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393 | with Cygwin automatically appends a F<.exe> when necessary. |
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394 | |
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395 | =item * chown() |
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396 | |
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397 | On WinNT chown() can change a file's user and group IDs. On Win9x chown() |
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398 | is a no-op, although this is appropriate since there is no security model. |
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399 | |
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400 | =item * Miscellaneous |
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401 | |
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402 | File locking using the C<F_GETLK> command to fcntl() is a stub that |
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403 | returns C<ENOSYS>. |
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404 | |
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405 | Win9x can not rename() an open file (although WinNT can). |
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406 | |
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407 | The Cygwin chroot() implementation has holes (it can not restrict file |
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408 | access by native Win32 programs). |
---|
409 | |
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410 | Inplace editing C<perl -i> of files doesn't work without doing a backup |
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411 | of the file being edited C<perl -i.bak> because of windowish restrictions, |
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412 | so Perl adds the C<.bak> automatically if you just use C<perl -i>. |
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413 | |
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414 | =back |
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415 | |
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416 | =head1 INSTALL PERL ON CYGWIN |
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417 | |
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418 | This will install Perl, including I<man> pages. |
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419 | |
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420 | make install 2>&1 | tee log.make-install |
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421 | |
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422 | NOTE: If C<STDERR> is redirected `C<make install>' will B<not> prompt |
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423 | you to install I<perl> into F</usr/bin>. |
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424 | |
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425 | You may need to be I<Administrator> to run `C<make install>'. If you |
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426 | are not, you must have write access to the directories in question. |
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427 | |
---|
428 | Information on installing the Perl documentation in HTML format can be |
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429 | found in the F<INSTALL> document. |
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430 | |
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431 | =head1 MANIFEST ON CYGWIN |
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432 | |
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433 | These are the files in the Perl release that contain references to Cygwin. |
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434 | These very brief notes attempt to explain the reason for all conditional |
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435 | code. Hopefully, keeping this up to date will allow the Cygwin port to |
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436 | be kept as clean as possible (listing not updated yet). |
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437 | |
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438 | =over 4 |
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439 | |
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440 | =item Documentation |
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441 | |
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442 | INSTALL README.cygwin README.win32 MANIFEST |
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443 | Changes Changes5.005 Changes5.004 Changes5.6 |
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444 | pod/perl.pod pod/perlport.pod pod/perlfaq3.pod |
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445 | pod/perldelta.pod pod/perl5004delta.pod pod/perl56delta.pod |
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446 | pod/perlhist.pod pod/perlmodlib.pod pod/buildtoc.PL pod/perltoc.pod |
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447 | |
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448 | =item Build, Configure, Make, Install |
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449 | |
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450 | cygwin/Makefile.SHs |
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451 | cygwin/ld2.in |
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452 | cygwin/perlld.in |
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453 | ext/IPC/SysV/hints/cygwin.pl |
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454 | ext/NDBM_File/hints/cygwin.pl |
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455 | ext/ODBM_File/hints/cygwin.pl |
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456 | hints/cygwin.sh |
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457 | Configure - help finding hints from uname, |
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458 | shared libperl required for dynamic loading |
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459 | Makefile.SH - linklibperl |
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460 | Porting/patchls - cygwin in port list |
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461 | installman - man pages with :: translated to . |
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462 | installperl - install dll/ld2/perlld, install to pods |
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463 | makedepend.SH - uwinfix |
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464 | |
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465 | =item Tests |
---|
466 | |
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467 | t/io/tell.t - binmode |
---|
468 | t/lib/b.t - ignore Cwd from os_extras |
---|
469 | t/lib/glob-basic.t - Win32 directory list access differs from read mode |
---|
470 | t/op/magic.t - $^X/symlink WORKAROUND, s/.exe// |
---|
471 | t/op/stat.t - no /dev, skip Win32 ftCreationTime quirk |
---|
472 | (cache manager sometimes preserves ctime of file |
---|
473 | previously created and deleted), no -u (setuid) |
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474 | |
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475 | =item Compiled Perl Source |
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476 | |
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477 | EXTERN.h - __declspec(dllimport) |
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478 | XSUB.h - __declspec(dllexport) |
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479 | cygwin/cygwin.c - os_extras (getcwd, spawn) |
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480 | perl.c - os_extras |
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481 | perl.h - binmode |
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482 | doio.c - win9x can not rename a file when it is open |
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483 | pp_sys.c - do not define h_errno, pp_system with spawn |
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484 | util.c - use setenv |
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485 | |
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486 | =item Compiled Module Source |
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487 | |
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488 | ext/POSIX/POSIX.xs - tzname defined externally |
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489 | ext/SDBM_File/sdbm/pair.c |
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490 | - EXTCONST needs to be redefined from EXTERN.h |
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491 | ext/SDBM_File/sdbm/sdbm.c |
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492 | - binary open |
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493 | |
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494 | =item Perl Modules/Scripts |
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495 | |
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496 | lib/Cwd.pm - hook to internal Cwd::cwd |
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497 | lib/ExtUtils/MakeMaker.pm |
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498 | - require MM_Cygwin.pm |
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499 | lib/ExtUtils/MM_Cygwin.pm |
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500 | - canonpath, cflags, manifypods, perl_archive |
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501 | lib/File/Find.pm - on remote drives stat() always sets st_nlink to 1 |
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502 | lib/File/Spec/Unix.pm - preserve //unc |
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503 | lib/File/Temp.pm - no directory sticky bit |
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504 | lib/perl5db.pl - use stdin not /dev/tty |
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505 | utils/perldoc.PL - version comment |
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506 | |
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507 | =back |
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508 | |
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509 | =head1 BUGS ON CYGWIN |
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510 | |
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511 | Support for swapping real and effective user and group IDs is incomplete. |
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512 | On WinNT Cygwin provides setuid(), seteuid(), setgid() and setegid(). |
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513 | However, additional Cygwin calls for manipulating WinNT access tokens |
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514 | and security contexts are required. |
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515 | |
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516 | =head1 AUTHORS |
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517 | |
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518 | Charles Wilson <cwilson@ece.gatech.edu>, |
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519 | Eric Fifer <egf7@columbia.edu>, |
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520 | alexander smishlajev <als@turnhere.com>, |
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521 | Steven Morlock <newspost@morlock.net>, |
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522 | Sebastien Barre <Sebastien.Barre@utc.fr>, |
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523 | Teun Burgers <burgers@ecn.nl>, |
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524 | Gerrit Haase <gh@familiehaase.de>. |
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525 | |
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526 | =head1 HISTORY |
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527 | |
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528 | Last updated: 2002-02-27 |
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